Open Access
Compromising genetic diversity in thewild: unmonitored large-scale releaseof plants and animals
Linda Laikre,Michael K. Schwartz,Robin S. Waples,Nils Ryman +3 more
- 01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline key features of programs to effectively monitor consequences of such releases on natural populations, including loss of genetic variation, loss of adaptations, change of population composition, and change of the population structure.
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Abstract: Large-scale exploitation of wild animals and plants through fishing, hunting and logging often depends on augmentation through releases of translocated or captively raised individuals. Such releases are performed worldwide in vast numbers. Augmentation can be demographically and economically beneficial but can also cause four types of adverse genetic change to wild populations: (1) loss of genetic variation, (2) loss of adaptations, (3) change of population composition, and (4) change of population structure. While adverse genetic impacts are recognized and documented in fisheries, little effort is devoted to actually monitoring them. In forestry and wildlife management, genetic risks associated with releases are largely neglected. We outline key features of programs to effectively monitor consequences of such releases on natural populations.
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Citations
Life history and temporal variability of escape events interactively determine the fitness consequences of aquaculture escapees on wild populations.
TL;DR: The results suggest that effective management to minimize the unintended fitness consequences of aquaculture releases might require extensive monitoring efforts on constant, low-level spillover and assessment of the focal species' life history characteristics.
Introgression between invasive and native blue mussels (genus Mytilus) in the central California hybrid zone.
Norah P. Saarman,Grant H. Pogson +1 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that the threat posed by invasive M. galloprovincialis is more ecological than genetic as it has displaced, and continues to displace the native M. trossulus from much of central and southern California.
Historical baselines in marine bioinvasions: Implications for policy and management
Henn Ojaveer,Bella S. Galil,James T. Carlton,Heidi K. Alleway,Philippe Goulletquer,Maiju Lehtiniemi,Agnese Marchini,Whitman Miller,Anna Occhipinti-Ambrogi,Melita Peharda,Gregory M. Ruiz,Susan L. Williams,Anastasija Zaiko +12 more
TL;DR: A synopsis of key historical milestones for marine bioinvasions is provided, including timelines of discovery and understanding of the invasion process, focusing on transfer mechanisms and outcomes, and methodologies used for detection and monitoring.
Unmonitored releases of small animals? The importance of considering natural dispersal, health, and human habituation when releasing a territorial mammal threatened by wildlife trade
TL;DR: The patterns of post-release and natal dispersal in the Javan slow loris, a Critically Endangered venomous and territorial mammal that is highly threatened by wildlife trade, is explored.
Genetic structure and demographic connectivity of marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae) populations of Tokyo Bay
TL;DR: It is suggested that a multilayered management by local and regional organizations may benefit the fishery in Tokyo Bay because of the strong demographic connectivity between the inner and outer bays.
References
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TL;DR: The authors analyzed local experiments, long-term regional time series, and global fisheries data to test how biodiversity loss affects marine ecosystem services across temporal and spatial scales, concluding that marine biodiversity loss is increasingly impairing the ocean's capacity to provide food, maintain water quality, and recover from perturbations.
Supporting Online Material for: Ethanol Can Contribute To Energy and Environmental Goals
Alexander E. Farrell,Richard J. Plevin,Brian T. Turner,Andrew D. Jones,Daniel M. Kammen +4 more
- 01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: This article evaluated six representative analyses of fuel ethanol and found that current corn ethanol technologies are much less petroleum-intensive than gasoline but have greenhouse gas emissions similar to those of gasoline, and that large-scale use of ethanol for fuel will almost certainly require cellulosic technology.
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David Tilman,Robert H. Socolow,Jonathan A. Foley,Jason Hill,Eric D. Larson,Lee R. Lynd,Stephen W. Pacala,John M. Reilly,Tim Searchinger,Chris Somerville,Robert H. Williams +10 more
TL;DR: Exploiting multiple feedstocks, under new policies and accounting rules, to balance biofuel production, food security, and greenhouse-gas reduction and to accept the undesirable impacts of biofuels done wrong.
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