Components of skill in bridge.

TL;DR: In this article, a critique of the claim that knowledge alone can account for the variance of memory and development is presented, along with a brief historical sketch of the movement towards a knowledge-based view.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of knowledge on text processing were investigated among older adults, and it was shown that knowledge reduces processing time among older readers, however, the results were limited.

TL;DR: The website task performance was not significantly influenced by fluid intelligence score or age, but there was a significant influence by prior website experience.

TL;DR: In the "expertise" approach, recognized experts in a particular skill domain are compared to non-experts in tests thought to reflect components required to perform well in the domain this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors did an experimental study in 1938, to which famous chessmasters participated (Alekhine, Max Euwe and Flohr), and the results showed that a chessmaster is highly organized and uses methods and strategies to solve his problem of choice.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a theoretical formulation to characterize how expert chess players perceive the chess board and describe some tasks that correlate with chess skill and the cognitive processes of skilled chess players.

TL;DR: It is shown that, by viewing experimentation in a parameter-estimating paradigm instead of a hypothesis-testing paradigm, one can obtain much more information from experiments—information that, combined with contemporary theoretical models of the cognitive processes, has implications for human performance on tasks quite different from those of the original experiments.