Journal Article10.1149/1.1715092
Complexation Chemistry in Copper Plating from Citrate Baths
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TL;DR: An experimental and theoretical study of the influence of solution chemistry on the electrodeposition of copper from complexing citrate baths is proposed and discussed in this article, where the behavior of the system is described in terms of the relative distribution of various copper-citrate complexes.
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Abstract: An experimental and theoretical study of the influence of solution chemistry on the electrodeposition of copper from complexing citrate baths is proposed and discussed. The behavior of the system is described in terms of the relative distribution of various copper-citrate complexes, combined with a model mechanism for electrodeposition kinetics involving an adsorbed blocking intermediate. Studies of partial-current polarization curves for copper deposition over a wide range of solution pH and free citrate concentration substantiate the mechanism and offer convincing evidence for the significant role of solution chemistry in the electroreduction process. In addition to the copper system, the mechanism proposed offers a framework that may be useful for the study of other metals and alloys electrodeposited from complexing baths containing citrate or citrate-like molecules.
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Citations
Mechanisms of Chemically Promoted Material Removal Examined for Molybdenum and Copper CMP in Weakly Alkaline Citrate-Based Slurries
TL;DR: This study examines tribo-electrochemical mechanisms of metal CMP using copper and molybdenum model systems, investigating the effects of weakly alkaline citrate-based slurries on material removal rates and selectivity, and identifying the roles of active additives in governing CMP processes.
Electrodeposition mechanism of quaternary compounds Cu2ZnSnS4: Effect of the additives
TL;DR: In this article, an electrolyte design principle of quaternary compounds was proposed, and the electrodeposition mechanism of pure phase Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film with subsequent annealing was investigated in detail.
An Electrochemical Approach to the Recovery of Metals Typical of Battery Waste
Claudia Kutzer-Schulze,Hannes Schmidt,M. Weiser,Tilo Büttner,Michael Schneider,Alexander Michaelis +5 more
TL;DR: Electrochemical recovery of transition metals from battery waste using an open porous electrode and citric acid complexation. Cu is completely recovered, while Co purity is 96%.
References
Composition and Stability of Iron and Copper Citrate Complexes in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: The acidity constants of citric acid and the stability constants of the citrate complexes of copper(II), iron(II, and iron(III) have been measured at 25 °C in 0.1 M KNO3 background as mentioned in this paper.
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Electrodeposition of Copper‐Nickel Alloys from Citrate Solutions on a Rotating Disk Electrode I . Experimental Results
TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to simulate the electrodeposition of Cu-Ni alloy from citrate solutions onto a rotating disk electrode under potentiostatic control, including the influence of diffusion, ionic migration, forced convection, and homogeneous equilibria.
The Development of a Stable Citrate Electrolyte for the Electrodeposition of Copper‐Nickel Alloys
TL;DR: In this paper, the stability of citrate electrolytes for the electrodeposition of copper-nickel alloys and multilayers has been investigated and it was found that electrolytes operating at pH 4 are unstable due to the formation of an insoluble citrate complex.
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Stability of the complexes of tricarballylic and citric acids with bivalent metal ions in aqueous solution
TL;DR: In this article, the stability of citric and tricarballylic acids in the presence of bivalent metal ions was investigated by the potentiometric method at the ionic strength 0·10 and at 20°C.
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