Comparative hearing : birds and reptiles

TL;DR: In this paper, the ability of birds to detect and discriminate natural vocal signals in the presence of masking noise using operant conditioning was evaluated using a set of birds: budgerigars, Melopsittacus undulatus, and zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata.

TL;DR: Until relatively recently, information on the internal skull structures of fossil taxa relied on fortuitous breaks, aggressive removal of rock matrix, sectioning with a saw, or serial ground thin-sectioning, all of which potentially risk damage to the fossil specimen.

TL;DR: It is argued that all vertebrate auditory systems are required to do certain basic tasks including acoustic feature discrimination, sound source localization, frequency analysis, and auditory scene analysis, among others.

TL;DR: Noise pollution in protected areas is closely linked with transportation, development, and extractive land use, providing insight into where mitigation efforts can be most effective, and indicates that noise pollution in Protected Areas with more stringent regulations had less anthropogenic noise.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that auditory brainstem neurons express a specialized subtype of AMPA receptors that may be useful in transmitting signals necessary for sound localization, since cyclothiazide doubled the relative refractory period of orthodromic spikes in nMAG cells in brain slices.

TL;DR: The principal aims in the present study were to determine exactly how similar the vocal control system in budgerigars is to that in songbirds and whether the vocal Control System in budgers receives auditory inputes from areas other than Field L.

TL;DR: The data show that subsequent to the retinotopic code for space in the optic tectum yet before the motor neuron code for muscle tensions there exists a code for head movement in which upward, downward, leftward and rightward components of movement are controlled by four functionally distinct neural circuits.

TL;DR: A detailed anatomical knowledge of the more simply constructed avian auditory mechanism is necessary to provide a better understanding of the evolution of the auditory system and to serve as a basis for future morphological and physiological investigation.