Journal Article10.1109/TCSI.2013.2265973
Circuits for a Cubic-Millimeter Energy-Autonomous Wireless Intraocular Pressure Monitor
Mohammad Hassan Ghaed,Gregory K. Chen,Razi-ul Haque,Michael Wieckowski,Yejoong Kim,Gyouho Kim,Yoonmyung Lee,Inhee Lee,David Fick,Daeyeon Kim,Mingoo Seok,Kensall D. Wise,David Blaauw,Dennis Sylvester +13 more
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TL;DR: Continuous measurement can be achieved with an implanted monitor to improve treatment regiments, assess patient compliance to medication schedules, and prevent unnecessary vision loss.
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Abstract: Circuit blocks for a 1.5 mm3 microsystem enable continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure. Due to power and form-factor limitations, circuit blocks are designed at nanowatt power levels not completely explored before. The system includes a 75% efficient 90 nW DC-DC converter which is the most efficient reported sub- μW converter in literature. It also includes a novel 4.7 nJ/bit FSK radio that achieves 10 cm of transmission range at 10 -6 BER which is also the lowest number reported for short-range through-tissue wireless links for biomedical implants. A MEMS capacitive sensor and ΣΔ capacitance-to-digital converter measure IOP with 0.5 mmHg accuracy. A microcontroller processes and saves IOP data and stores it in a 2.4 fW/bitcell SRAM. The microsystem harvests a maximum power of 80 nW in sunlight with a light irradiance of 100 mW/cm2 AM 1.5 from an integrated 0.07 mm2 solar cell to recharge a 1 mm2 1 μAh thin-film battery and power the load circuits. The design achieves zero-net-energy operation with 1.5 hours of sunlight or 10 hours of bright indoor lighting daily.
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A 32 kb 10T Sub-Threshold SRAM Array With Bit-Interleaving and Differential Read Scheme in 90 nm CMOS
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