Chronic heat treatment causes skin wrinkle formation and oxidative damage in hairless mice.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the theoretical use of forskolin, a plant-derived pharmacologically active compound to protect the skin against UV injury and prevent aging symptoms by up-regulating melanin production.

TL;DR: Key information suggesting that IR-A may be more beneficial than deleterious when the skin is exposed to the appropriate irradiance/dose ofIR-A radiation similar to daily sun exposure received by people in real life are focused on.

TL;DR: New molecular mechanisms linking sun and environmental factors to skin ageing have been identified: IR affects mitochondrial integrity and specific heat receptors also mediate some of its effects, tryptophan is a chromophore for UVB, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is activated by light and xenobiotics to alter skin physiology.

TL;DR: Astaxanthin can protect against photoaging caused by UV irradiation and the inhibitory effects of AST on photoaging may be associated with the reduction of capillary regression in the skin, suggesting an inverse correlation between wrinkle formation and the density of capillaries.

TL;DR: Examining molecular responses of human skin to UV irradiation provides not only a framework for understanding mechanisms involved in skin aging, but also may help in development of new clinical strategies to impede chronological and UV-induced skin aging.

TL;DR: The molecular mechanisms underlying some of these changes are now beginning to be unravelled and are discussed and as these mechanisms are identified, further insights into the underlying processes of skin ageing should emerge and better strategies to prevent the undesirable effects of age on skin appearance should follow.

TL;DR: In response to IR irradiation, mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways were activated mediating the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 expression and shows that IR radiation is capable of specifically interfering with cellular functions and provides a molecular basis for biological effects of IR on human skin.

TL;DR: The dramatic loss of catalase is almost entirely accounted for by direct destruction by the simulated solar light, but superoxide dismutase was unaffected by direct exposure; hence its destruction must be due to indirect effects, either mediated by free radicals or other harmful species formed upon irradiation.