Chromatographic and their hyphenated techniques in quality-based standardization of medicinal plants: Current scenario and future perspectives

Abstract: Chromolaena odorata, a widely distributed medicinal plant, has long been used in traditional medicine for its wound healing and antimicrobial properties. Chromolaena odorata is a perennial shrub widely known for its medicinal uses, most notably in wound healing and infection control. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of its leaf extract using chromatographic techniques and to evaluate its antimicrobial efficacy against a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens. Leaves of Chromolaena odorata were collected, processed, and extracted sequentially with solvents of increasing polarity. The extracts were subjected to chromatographic analyses including Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), leading to the identification and characterization of multiple bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and terpenoids. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods against clinically relevant bacteria and fungi, including multidrug-resistant strains.Results revealed significant inhibitory effects, particularly from methanolic and ethanolic extracts, with zones of inhibition comparable to standard antibiotics in some cases. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values confirmed dose-dependent antimicrobial effects.

TL;DR: The identification of secondary metabolites in plants is a complex and multifaceted process involving targeted and untargeted approaches, classical and advanced analytical techniques, and bioinformatic tools. Despite significant advancements, only a small portion of plant SMs have been identified.

TL;DR: This study standardises and evaluates the antioxidant efficacy of phenolic extracts from Bionia coriacea, a drought-adapted Brazilian species, revealing a synergistic effect of its phenolic fraction, which exhibits higher antioxidant activity than isolated rutin.

TL;DR: In vitro and ex vivo studies demonstrated potent anti-urolithiatic activity of n-butanol fraction which can be developed as new phytopharmaceuticals for urolithiasis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the various phyto constituents present in the unexplored plant Rostellularia diffusa (Willd).

TL;DR: MIE exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, which could contribute to its use as an alternative for the management of several intestinal diseases related to oxidative stress.

TL;DR: The UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully developed and used for the application of the pharmacokinetic study and the accuracy was ±6%; the interday precision and intraday precision were no more than 9%.