Chitosan-based Schiff bases: Promising materials for biomedical and industrial applications

TL;DR: This review synthesizes the antioxidant potential of Schiff base ligands, highlighting their structure, solvent effects, and electron-donating groups' role in radical stabilization, suggesting their eco-friendly antioxidant properties via the DPPH scavenging assay.

TL;DR: A citric acid-modified chitosan Schiff base was synthesized, exhibiting enhanced antibacterial properties and efficient dye removal (348 mg.g−1 for BBR, 145 mg.g−1 for RhB) from wastewater, with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model consistency.

Abstract: The growing prevalence of microbial infections, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) stemming from the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, call for novel therapeutic agents, particularly ones targeting resistant microbial strains. Scientists are striving to develop innovative agents to tackle the rising microbial infections and abate the risk of AMR. Pyrazole, a five-membered heterocyclic compound belonging to the azole family, is a versatile scaffold and serves as a core structure in many drugs with antimicrobial and other therapeutic effects. In this review, we have updated pyrazole-based antibacterial and antifungal agents mainly developed between 2016 and 2024, by combining with diverse pharmacophores such as coumarin, thiazole, oxadiazole, isoxazole, indole, etc. Meanwhile, the various strategies (molecular hybridization, bioisosterism, scaffold hopping, multicomponent reactions, and catalyst-free synthesis) for integrating different functional groups with the pyrazole ring are discussed. Additionally, structure-activity relationships of these pyrazole derivatives, i.e., how structural modifications impact their selectivity and therapeutic potential against bacterial and fungal strains, are highlighted. This review provides insights into designing next-generation antimicrobials to combat AMR, and offers valuable perspectives to the scientists working on heterocyclic compounds with diverse bioactivities.

TL;DR: This review assesses recent advances in nanocomposites, including metal, metal oxide, and polymer-based formulations, for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, highlighting their potential as innovative anti-biofilm agents with improved efficacy and safety.

TL;DR: Preliminary studies indicate that the biodegradable and glucose-responsive hydrogel derived from natural polysaccharide derivatives may have potential uses in adipose tissue engineering applications.

TL;DR: Functionalization of chitosan with IL-Sal brushes coupled with metalation of formed ILCSBs were synergistically enhanced its antimicrobial and antitumor properties to a great extent.

TL;DR: The inclusion in βCD improved the solubility in aqueous media and the antifungal activity of both F1 and F2, revealing antimicrobial effects normally hidden by the presence of common solvents (e.g., DMSO) with some cellular inhibitory activity.

TL;DR: Evidence was given of the potential of OHD NPs for the targeting and further transfer of genes to the epithelial cells and the transfection efficiency was 5-fold higher than OCMCS/DNA (OD) NPs; however, it decreased significantly in the presence of excess free HA.