Journal Article10.1093/JN/NXAA361
Childhood Daily Energy Expenditure Does Not Decrease with Market Integration and Is Not Related to Adiposity in Amazonia
Samuel S. Urlacher,Samuel S. Urlacher,J. Josh Snodgrass,Lara R. Dugas,Felicia C. Madimenos,Lawrence S. Sugiyama,Melissa A. Liebert,Cara Joyce,Enrique Teran,Herman Pontzer +9 more
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used gold-standard measurements of children's energy expenditure to investigate the changes that underlie childhood overweight and obesity and the nutrition/epidemiologic transition.
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Abstract: Background Childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB) is increasingly centered in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as rural populations experience market integration and lifeway change. Most explanatory studies have relied on imprecise estimates of children's energy expenditure, restricting understanding of the relative effects of changes in diet and energy expenditure on the development of OW/OB in transitioning contexts. Objectives This study used gold-standard measurements of children's energy expenditure to investigate the changes that underlie OW/OB and the nutrition/epidemiologic transition. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected from "rural" (n = 43) Shuar forager-horticulturalist children and their "peri-urban" (n = 34) Shuar counterparts (age 4-12 y) in Amazonian Ecuador. Doubly labeled water measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE; kcal/d), respirometry measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE; kcal/d), and measures of diet, physical activity, immune activity, and market integration were analyzed primarily using regression models. Results Peri-urban children had higher body fat percentage (+8.1%, P 0.09). Diet and energy expenditure associations with adiposity demonstrate that only reported consumption of market-acquired "protein" and "carbohydrate" foods predicted children's body fat levels (multiple P Conclusions Despite underlying patterns in REE, Shuar children's TEE is not reliably related to market integration and-unlike dietary measures-does not predict adiposity. These findings suggest a leading role of changing dietary intake in transitions to OW/OB in LMICs.
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References
Nutrition transition in 2 lowland Bolivian subsistence populations
Thomas S. Kraft,Jonathan Stieglitz,Benjamin C. Trumble,Melanie Martin,Hillard Kaplan,Michael Gurven +5 more
TL;DR: A high-energy diet rich in complex carbohydrates is associated with low cardiovascular disease risk when coupled with a physically active lifestyle and evidence of a nutrition transition in Bolivia parallels trends of increasing body fat and body mass index, which suggests that a low prevalence of cardiovascular disease may not persist.
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Role of physical activity and sleep duration in growth and body composition of preschool-aged children
Nancy F. Butte,Maurice R. Puyau,Theresa A. Wilson,Yan Liu,William W. Wong,Anne L. Adolph,Issa Zakeri +6 more
TL;DR: To determine whether physical activity components, sleep, total energy expenditure (TEE), and TEE predict 1‐year changes in body size and composition in healthy preschool‐aged children, aims were to delineate cross‐sectional associations among physical activity component,Sleep, andTEE.
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Amazonian foods and implications for human biology
Darna L. Dufour,Barbara A. Piperata,Rui Sérgio Sereni Murrieta,Warren M. Wilson,Drake D. Williams +4 more
TL;DR: Based on the limited available data, Amazonian diets are restricted in variety, but appear to be adequate in energy and protein for adults, but likely insufficiently nutrient-dense for children.
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Soil-Transmitted Helminth Prevalence and Infection Intensity Among Geographically and Economically Distinct Shuar Communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Tara J. Cepon-Robins,Melissa A. Liebert,Theresa E. Gildner,Samuel S. Urlacher,Samuel S. Urlacher,Alese M. Colehour,J. Josh Snodgrass,Felicia C. Madimenos,Felicia C. Madimenos,Lawrence S. Sugiyama +9 more
TL;DR: The effects of economic development on parasite load among an indigenous population at multiple points along the spectrum of MI is investigated, finding infection prevalence and intensity was highest among more isolated communities with less market access.
Constraint and trade-offs regulate energy expenditure during childhood.
Samuel S. Urlacher,Samuel S. Urlacher,J. Josh Snodgrass,Lara R. Dugas,Lawrence S. Sugiyama,Melissa A. Liebert,Cara Joyce,Herman Pontzer +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that Shuar forager-horticulturalist children of Amazonian Ecuador are ~25% more physically active and, in association with immune activity, have ~20% greater resting energy expenditure than children from industrial populations, and Shuar children’s total daily energy expenditure is indistinguishable from industrialized counterparts.
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