Characterization of the dynamics of hepatitis B virus resistance to adefovir by ultra-deep pyrosequencing.

TL;DR: Data is summarized on the HBV genome structure and replication cycle, diversity within and among infected individuals is explained, and advances that can be offered by application of next-generation sequencing technology are discussed.

TL;DR: The presence of baseline RT mutations can affect drug treatment outcomes and disease progression in HBV-infected populations via modulation of viral fitness and host-immune responses.

TL;DR: Viral heterogeneity determination by the UDPS technique is more sensitive and efficient in terms of low-abundance variation detection and quasispecies simulation than that by the CBS method, although imperfect, and thus sheds light on the future clinical application of NGS in HBV quasipecies studies.

TL;DR: The molecular diagnosis of drug-resistant HBV is based on sequence variations, and current diagnostic methods include sequencing, restriction fragment polymorphism analysis, and hybridization, and treatment options for drug- resistant HBV are discussed.

TL;DR: A scalable, highly parallel sequencing system with raw throughput significantly greater than that of state-of-the-art capillary electrophoresis instruments with 96% coverage at 99.96% accuracy in one run of the machine is described.

TL;DR: A technical review of template preparation, sequencing and imaging, genome alignment and assembly approaches, and recent advances in current and near-term commercially available NGS instruments is presented.

TL;DR: Declines in HBV infection prevalence may be related to expanded immunization, and targeted approaches to tackle HBV-related mortality and morbidity are needed at country and sub-national level to estimate disease burden and guide health and vaccine policy.

TL;DR: Environments with disparate resource levels require different strategies for the optimal management of HCC, and programs to provide targeted therapy at low cost, similar to the approach used for HIV therapy in the developing world, should be pursued.