Electrochemical processes have proven their potential as effective technologies to treat wastewater from industrial, urban and agricultural activities, and thus, contribute towards a cleaner environment. In this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of the leading electrochemical technologies, such as electro-oxidation, electrochemical coagulation and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), statistically for different types of anodes for the removal of various pollutants from wastewater along with their treatment efficiency. Anode is considered as a source of electron and an essential part of electrochemical processes. So, we have evaluated the relationship between different anode features such as anodic material, surface area versus removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colour in various wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Apart from that, various process characteristics such as inter-electrode distance, system pH, reactor volume, current density and voltage were also considered in this investigation. From the regression analysis of the electrochemical coagulation system, it was found that the removal efficiency of pollutants is enhanced by the surface area of the electrodes along with the inter-electrode distance. Regarding electro-oxidation, it was seen that COD and colour removal are both dependent on the reaction time of the system, while the DOC removal rate of different EAOPs was strongly related to the reactor volume. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the regression analysis on pollutant removal efficiency prediction was assessed. Finally, sensitivity analysis was done by Monte-Carlo method to check modest changes from input variables.

/pdf/statistical-analysis-of-anode-efficiency-in-electrochemical-53u5xcqhv7.pdf

Statistical Analysis of Anode Efficiency in Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater and Sludge

Las Crecientes de Diseno permiten el dimensionamiento hidrologico de las obras hidraulicas. Cuando no existen datos hidrometricos, las crecientes de diseno se estiman con metodos hidrologicos que se basan en las Lluvias de Diseno . La escasez de estaciones pluviograficas origina que los registros mas comunes empleados para estimar las lluvias de diseno, sean los de precipitacion maxima diaria ( PMD ) anual. Debido a los impactos del cambio climatico y/o a la alteracion del entorno geografico de las estaciones pluviometricas, los registros de PMD estan mostrando tendencias y por lo tanto son no estacionarios. El analisis probabilistico de los registros de PMD no estacionarios, orientado a estimar predicciones de baja probabilidad de excedencia que puede realizar, de manera simple y sin dificultades computacionales, con base en la extension del metodo de los momentos L para aplicar la distribucion General de Valores Extremos (GVE) con su parametro de ubicacion ( u ) variable con el tiempo ( t ) en anos, que se introduce como covariable . Cuando la tendencia en el registro de PMD es lineal se aplica el modelo probabilistico GVE 1 en el cual u t = μ 0 + μ 1 ·t y cuando es curva el modelo GVE 2 con u t = μ 0 + μ 1 ·t + μ 2 ·t 2 . Entonces la distribucion GVE 1 tiene cuatro parametros de ajuste ( μ 0 , μ 1 , α , k ) y la GVE 2 cinco ( μ 0 , μ 1 , μ 2 , α , k ). Se describen cuatro aplicaciones numericas y a traves del analisis de sus resultados se demuestra la sencillez de la extension del metodo de los momentos L y su versatilidad para estimar predicciones dentro del registro historico y a futuro.

/pdf/ajuste-con-momentos-l-de-las-distribuciones-no-estacionarias-k1vrovc9xm.pdf

Ajuste con momentos L de las distribuciones no estacionarias GVE1 y GVE2 a series de PMD

One of the objectives of hydrological studies is the estimation of the annual runoff volume (VEA, for its name in Spanish) of watersheds without gauging. Such data is basic in the design of reservoirs. In this study, the estimation is provided through regional frequency analysis, based on the Runoff Index method. This approach was applied in the Hydrological Region No. 10 (Sinaloa), Mexico, for which 22 VEA records were processed, with amplitudes that varied from 24 to 57 years. Through the Discordance Test, three records were eliminated. Regional hydrological homogeneity was verified with the remaining 19 records and three statistical techniques: seasonality indices, linearity of ordinary moments, and linear regression between probability-weighted moments. The tests of loss of homogeneity of each record led to the elimination of four, due to their ascending linear trend. The 15 remaining records were processed in a dimensionless way, by dividing their data over their annual mean runoff volume (VEMA) and they were concatenated with the stations-years method, forming a series of 539 data. Three probabilistic models were applied to obtain the regional growth curve: Pearson type III, Log-Normal, and Potential Transformation; choosing the one with the smallest standard error of fit. The scaling of the regional Log-Normal distribution was achieved with a logarithmic relationship between the VEMA and the basin area of the processed records. In the Conclusions section, the established procedure is detailed and the importance of the results to generate synthetic sequences of VEA is highlighted (which are equally probable to occur). Therefore, the systematic application of the Runoff Index procedure as a method of estimating the VEA in other regions of the country is recommended. 

Estimación del volumen escurrido anual en la Región Hidrológica No. 10 (Sinaloa), México, mediante análisis de frecuencias regional

Chapter 9: Regression Analysis

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Chapter 9: Regression Analysis

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Statistical Analysis of Anode Efficiency in Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater and Sludge

Ajuste con momentos L de las distribuciones no estacionarias GVE1 y GVE2 a series de PMD

Estimación del volumen escurrido anual en la Región Hidrológica No. 10 (Sinaloa), México, mediante análisis de frecuencias regional

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