Journal Article10.1126/SCIENCE.1217501
Challenges in metal recycling.
TL;DR: The most beneficial actions that could improve recycling rates are increased collection rates of discarded products, improved design for recycling, and the enhanced deployment of modern recycling methodology.
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Abstract: Metals are infinitely recyclable in principle, but in practice, recycling is often inefficient or essentially nonexistent because of limits imposed by social behavior, product design, recycling technologies, and the thermodynamics of separation. We review these topics, distinguishing among common, specialty, and precious metals. The most beneficial actions that could improve recycling rates are increased collection rates of discarded products, improved design for recycling, and the enhanced deployment of modern recycling methodology. As a global society, we are currently far away from a closed-loop material system. Much improvement is possible, but limitations of many kinds--not all of them technological--will preclude complete closure of the materials cycle.
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Citations
How effective are current household recycling policies? Results from a national survey of U.S. households
TL;DR: This article analyzed a unique dataset collected during a 2006 national survey of U.S. households to explore the effectiveness of common household recycling policies for metals, glass, and plastics: curbside recycling, drop-off recycling, deposit-refund systems (bottle bills), and marginal pricing for household waste.
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Ryan M. DuChanois,Nathanial J. Cooper,Bo-Heng Lee,Sohum K. Patel,Lauren Mazurowski,Thomas E. Graedel,Menachem Elimelech +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the potential for recovering metals from wastewater and brine is assessed and the feasibility of recovering these metals from various water sources by estimating the required operational costs to match market prices.
Regional distribution and losses of end-of-life steel throughout multiple product life cycles-Insights from the global multiregional MaTrace model.
TL;DR: In this article, the challenges and trade-offs associated with closed-loop metal recycling are quantified from the perspective of a single material unit and trace a unit of material through several product life cycles.
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Toward the efficient recycling of alloying elements from end of life vehicle steel scrap
Hajime Ohno,Kazuyo Matsubae,Kenichi Nakajima,Yasushi Kondo,Shinichiro Nakamura,Tetsuya Nagasaka +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the environmental and economic benefits of alternative ELV recycling schemes, which allow more efficient utilization of AEs found in ELV-derived steel scrap (ELV-dSS).
Electronic Waste and Printed Circuit Board Recycling Technologies
Muammer Kaya
- 01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the definition, classification, and fundamentals of e-waste, which is the fastest growing waste stream in the world and grows three times faster than the municipal waste.
102
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