Challenges in industrial applications of technical lignins
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of limiting factors in utilization of technical lignins is presented, and four major classes of problems are identified, and approaches to overcoming these problems are suggested.
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Abstract: The primary aim of modern biorefineries is the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic materials into valuable products. Sugars and oils can be converted into valuable chemicals, but processing of lignin is still a challenge. A vast amount of lignin is incinerated to produce process steam and energy, and only a very small part is used for the production of value-added products. Technical lignins are isolated as by-streams in lignocellulosic refineries, e.g., as kraft, soda, organosolv, and hydrolysis lignins, as well as lignosulphonates. They have a modified structure and contain impurities that are dependent on the processing method. The structure and the composition of technical lignins restrict their subsequent applications. This paper reviews limiting factors in utilization of technical lignins. Four major classes of problems are identified, and approaches to overcoming these problems are suggested.
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Citations
Structural characterization of potassium hydroxide liquor lignin and its application in biorefinery
TL;DR: The structural characteristics of the lignin from potassium hydroxide (KOH) liquor of jute stick (Corchorus capsularis) pulping were determined and compared with the isolated dioxane lignins from jute sticks as mentioned in this paper.
Recent progress in the production of lignin-based sunscreens: A Review
José Luis Espinoza-Acosta,Evelyn Guadalupe Figueroa-Espinoza,María de los Ángeles De la Rosa-Alcaraz +2 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors summarized and analyzed previous research studies and outstanding findings (from 2016 to 2022) directed at the reduction of the problems that limit the extensive applications of lignin in skincare products such as sunscreens.
Sources of Lignin
Shayesteh Haghdan,Scott Renneckar,Gregory D. Smith +2 more
- 01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In addition, isolated lignin is a heterogeneous polymer with its physical and mechanical properties highly dependent on biomass source, location within the cell wall, delignification methods, and purification schemes as discussed by the authors.
The Nature of Lignin and Implications for Its Technical Use as a Source for Biogenic Aromatics—A Review
Timo Steinbrecher,Jakob Albert,Martin Kaltschmitt,Timo Steinbrecher,Jakob Albert,Martin Kaltschmitt +5 more
TL;DR: This review examines the nature of lignin, its biosynthesis, structure, and biodegradation, and explores its technical valorization through depolymerization, highlighting the challenges and potential strategies for increasing value creation from lignocellulosic biomass.
Fractionation of lignin from eucalyptus bark using amine-sulfonate functionalized ionic liquids
TL;DR: A series of amine-sulfonate functionalized ionic liquids (ASF-ILs) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for the dissolution of model biopolymers.
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Top Value-Added Chemicals from Biomass - Volume II—Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Biorefinery Lignin
John E. Holladay,James F. White,Joseph J. Bozell,David K. Johnson +3 more
- 01 Oct 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a list of potential uses of lignin was compiled and sorted into broad classifications (listed above as power, fuel, syngas, macromolecules; and aromatics).