Challenges in industrial applications of technical lignins
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of limiting factors in utilization of technical lignins is presented, and four major classes of problems are identified, and approaches to overcoming these problems are suggested.
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Abstract: The primary aim of modern biorefineries is the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic materials into valuable products. Sugars and oils can be converted into valuable chemicals, but processing of lignin is still a challenge. A vast amount of lignin is incinerated to produce process steam and energy, and only a very small part is used for the production of value-added products. Technical lignins are isolated as by-streams in lignocellulosic refineries, e.g., as kraft, soda, organosolv, and hydrolysis lignins, as well as lignosulphonates. They have a modified structure and contain impurities that are dependent on the processing method. The structure and the composition of technical lignins restrict their subsequent applications. This paper reviews limiting factors in utilization of technical lignins. Four major classes of problems are identified, and approaches to overcoming these problems are suggested.
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Citations
Fractionation of apple by-products as source of new ingredients: current situation and perspectives.
TL;DR: In this paper, the current uses of apple by-products as source of fibre and phytochemicals with special emphasis on recent fractionation processes are reviewed and future trends and challenges of apple-by-product reuse are discussed.
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One-Step Lignin Refining Process: The Influence of the Solvent Nature on the Properties and Quality of Fractions
TL;DR: In this article , one-step refining processes for hardwood kraft lignin using nine organic solvents of different chemical nature and polarity were carried out with the aim of investigating and understanding the effect of the type of organic solvent on the quality of resulting fractions.
Hydrogen production from supercritical water gasification of lignosulfonate over CuO-ZnO: Sulfur transport and catalyst regeneration
Changqing Cao,Lihui Yu,Lanjun Liu,Yaqi Shan,Hui Jin,Peigao Duan +5 more
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