Cerebellum and ocular motor control.
Amir Kheradmand,David S. Zee +1 more
TL;DR: The approach will be based on structural–functional correlation, combining the effects of lesions and the results from physiologic studies, with the emphasis on the cerebellar regions known to be most closely related to ocular motor function.
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Abstract: An intact cerebellum is a prerequisite for optimal ocular motor performance. The cerebellum fine-tunes each of the subtypes of eye movements so they work together to bring and maintain images of objects of interest on the fovea. Here we review the major aspects of the contribution of the cerebellum to ocular motor control. The approach will be based on structural–functional correlation, combining the effects of lesions and the results from physiologic studies, with the emphasis on the cerebellar regions known to be most closely related to ocular motor function: (1) the flocculus/paraflocculus for high-frequency (brief) vestibular responses, sustained pursuit eye movements, and gaze holding, (2) the nodulus/ventral uvula for low-frequency (sustained) vestibular responses, and (3) the dorsal oculomotor vermis and its target in the posterior portion of the fastigial nucleus (the fastigial oculomotor region) for saccades and pursuit initiation.
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Citations
Consensus Paper: Revisiting the Symptoms and Signs of Cerebellar Syndrome
Florian Bodranghien,Amy J. Bastian,Carlo Casali,Mark Hallett,Elan D. Louis,Mario Manto,Peter Mariën,D. A. Nowak,Jeremy D. Schmahmann,Mariano Serrao,Katharina M Steiner,Michael Strupp,Caroline Tilikete,Dagmar Timmann,Kim van Dun +14 more
TL;DR: The concept of the cerebellar syndrome is revisited in the light of recent advances in the understanding of Cerebellar operations and the key symptoms and signs of cerebellars dysfunction are discussed.
329
Schmahmann’s syndrome - identification of the third cornerstone of clinical ataxiology
Mario Manto,Peter Mariën +1 more
- 27 Feb 2015
TL;DR: Clinical ataxiology has found its third cornerstone, the two others being the cerebellar motor syndrome (CMS) mainly delineated by the pioneer French and English neurologists of the 19th and early 20th century, and the vestibulo-cerebellar syndrome (VCS) consisting of ocular instability, deficits of oculomotor movements and ocular misalignment.
The preclinical stage of spinocerebellar ataxias.
TL;DR: This review article comprehensively summarizes the studies conducted in preclinical carriers of a mutation in one of the SCA genes and concludes that the preclinical phase in SCA is already characterized by detectable central and peripheral nervous system changes.
118
Cerebellar fastigial nucleus: from anatomic construction to physiological functions
Xiao-Yang Zhang,Jian-Jun Wang,Jing-Ning Zhu +2 more
- 03 May 2016
TL;DR: It is suggested that by bridging the motor and nonmotor systems, the cerebellar FN may help to integrate somatic motor and nonsomatic functions and consequently contribute to generate a coordinated response to internal and external environments.
The Neuroanatomical Correlates of Training-Related Perceptuo-Reflex Uncoupling in Dancers
TL;DR: Dancers display Vestibular perceptuo-reflex dissociation with the neuronatomical correlate localized to the vestibular cerebellum, and it is speculated that a cerebellar gating of perceptual signals to cortical regions mediates the training-related attenuation ofvestibular perception and perceptual uncoupling.
References
Saccadic burst neurons in the oculomotor region of the fastigial nucleus of macaque monkeys.
K. Ohtsuka,H. Noda +1 more
TL;DR: The discharge of 255 neurons in the fastigial nuclei of three trained macaque monkeys was investigated during visually guided saccades, finding that saccadic burst neurons were spontaneously active, and the resting firing rate varied considerably among units, ranging from 10 to 50 imp/s.
Cerebellar contributions to the processing of saccadic errors.
P. C. A. van Broekhoven,Caroline K. L. Schraa-Tam,A. van der Lugt,Marion Smits,Maarten A. Frens,J.N. van der Geest +5 more
TL;DR: Results suggest a possible role for areas outside the oculomotor vermis of the cerebellum in the processing of saccadic errors, and further studies of these areas with electrophysiological recordings may reveal the nature of the error signals that drive the amplitude modification of sAccadic eye movements.
The function of the cerebellar uvula in monkey during optokinetic and pursuit eye movements: single-unit responses and lesion effects
TL;DR: The results suggest that the uvula is not in the neuronal pathway that directly controls pursuit, but instead serves to adjust the gain of this system as a result of abnormal periods of motion of the visual world.
Functional neuroanatomy of the human near/far response to blur cues: eye-lens accommodation/vergence to point targets varying in depth.
Hans O. Richter,Patricia A. Costello,Patricia A. Costello,Scott R. Sponheim,Scott R. Sponheim,Joel T. Lee,Joel T. Lee,José V. Pardo,José V. Pardo +8 more
TL;DR: The contrast between the conditions of near/far accommodation and of constant foveal fixation revealed activation in cerebellar hemispheres and vermis; middle and inferior temporal cortex; striate cortex and associative visual areas; and bilateral thalamus.
Participation of Caudal Fastigial Nucleus in Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements. II. Effects of Muscimol Inactivation
TL;DR: The CFN, like the flocculus-ventral paraflocculus, is a cerebellar region involved in control of smooth pursuit with the behavior of CFN neurons, and the assumption that the activity of each CFN neuron helps drive pursuit movements in the direction that best activates that neuron is concluded.
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