Case Studies: Types, Designs, and Logics of Inference:

TL;DR: A typology of case studies based on their purposes is constructed, including idiographic, hypothesis-generating, hypotheses-testing, and plausibility probe case studies, and the issue of selection bias and the “single logic” debate is addressed.

Abstract: I focus on the role of case studies in developing causal explanations. I distinguish between the theoretical purposes of case studies and the case selection strategies or research designs used to advance those objectives. I construct a typology of case studies based on their purposes: idiographic (inductive and theory-guided), hypothesis-generating, hypothesis-testing, and plausibility probe case studies. I then examine different case study research designs, including comparable cases, most and least likely cases, deviant cases, and process tracing, with attention to their different purposes and logics of inference. I address the issue of selection bias and the “single logic” debate, and I emphasize the utility of multi-method research.