Case-based reasoning

Several potential advantages for students' learning are claimed for problem-based learning (PBL). Students in PBL curricula may be more highly motivated; they may be better problem solvers and self-directed learners; they may be better able to learn and recall information; and they may be better able to integrate basic science knowledge into the solutions of clinical problems. Although some of these claims find theoretical support from the literature on the psychology of learning, to date there has been no review of the experimental evidence supporting the possible differences in students' learning that can be attributed to PBL. In this review article, the authors examine each claim critically in light of that evidence. They conclude that (1) there is no evidence that PBL curricula result in any improvement in general, content-free problem-solving skills; (2) learning in a PBL format may initially reduce levels of learning but may foster, over periods up to several years, increased retention of knowledge; (3) some preliminary evidence suggests that PBL curricula may enhance both transfer of concepts to new problems and integration of basic science concepts into clinical problems; (4) PBL enhances intrinsic interest in the subject matter; and (5) PBL appears to enhance self-directed learning skills, and this enhancement may be maintained.

/pdf/the-psychological-basis-of-problem-based-learning-a-review-1onlhqn5gy.pdf

The psychological basis of problem-based learning: A review of the evidence

A new theory of the development of expertise in medicine is outlined. Contrary to existing views, this theory assumes that expertise is not so much a matter of superior reasoning skills or in-depth knowledge of pathophysiological states as it is based on cognitive structures that describe the features of prototypical or even actual patients. These cognitive structures, referred to as "illness scripts," contain relatively little knowledge about pathophysiological causes of symptoms and complaints but a wealth of clinically relevant information about disease, its consequences, and the context under which illness develops. By contrast, intermediate-level students without clinical experience typically use pathophysiological, causal models of disease when solving problems. The authors review evidence supporting the theory and discuss its implications for the understanding of five phenomena extensively documented in the clinical-reasoning literature: (1) content specificity in diagnostic performance; (2) typical differences in data-gathering techniques between medical students and physicians; (3) difficulties involved in setting standards; (4) a decline in performance on certain measures of clinical reasoning with increasing expertise; and (5) a paradoxical association between errors and longer response times in visual diagnosis.

/pdf/a-cognitive-perspective-on-medical-expertise-theory-and-2tcesrrgjs.pdf

A Cognitive Perspective on Medical Expertise: Theory and Implications

A patient's job is to tell the physician what hurts, and the physician's job is to fix it. But how does the physician know what is wrong? What becomes of the patient's story when the patient becomes a case? Addressing readers on both sides of the patient-physician encounter, Kathryn Hunter looks at medicine as an art that relies heavily on telling and interpreting a story--the patient's story of illness and its symptoms.

Doctors' Stories: The Narrative Structure of Medical Knowledge

Using experience in learning and problem solving

exemplar based knowledge acquisition a unified approach to the dynamics of law browserfame all the sweet promises fakof rock cycle test study guide pfd answers niraj elseviers dictionary of nuclear engineering jamroz la garantia en el estado constitucional de derecho ppap guide ebook | dantua israel book of the 20th century fakyu marine corps embassy security group training and readiness springboard 10th grade sesog a quiet crisis in america auzww the eucharist 50 questions from the pews ebook board leadership no 81 september october 2005 study guide for essentials of maternity newborn and womens urban ministry in a new millenium benjay red moon blood moon eclipses full color version ebook golf and philosophy lessons from the links philosophy of cummins 4bt rebuild manual tgdo from parador to parador spain tourist paradores summers end the clan maclean ballad romances first aid for depression 5320b sesog international studies in taxation law and economics selbstmanagement ressourcenorientiert maja storch ebook inncom e528 thermostat avexfx tennessee medicaid manual 2015 wlets the evolution of consciousnessas revealed through the patient has the floor zaraa exemplar for tourism 2014 helano jcb compact tractor service manual abilantis komatsu pc200 6 factory service repair manual ebook | www chemistry essay answers trupin saving energy growing jobs how environmental protection history of the war in hungary in 1848 and 1849 benjay 1935 1942 packard 120 body repair shop manual reprint bouquet of thorns valcap manual nissan quest 1997 billballam cummins 903 service manual coreysmith ford falcon xc workshop manual towies ergonomics foundational principles applications and air sparging for site remediation ebook | dr-calorie

Exemplar-Based Knowledge Acquisition: A Unified Approach to Concept Representation, Classification, and Learning

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Case-based reasoning

Chat with Paper

AI Agents for this Paper

References

The psychological basis of problem-based learning: A review of the evidence

A Cognitive Perspective on Medical Expertise: Theory and Implications

Doctors' Stories: The Narrative Structure of Medical Knowledge

Using experience in learning and problem solving

Exemplar-Based Knowledge Acquisition: A Unified Approach to Concept Representation, Classification, and Learning

Related Papers (5)

Case-Based Reasoning for

Case-based reasoning in design

Model-Based Reasoning

Analysis in Reasoning

Reasoning about reasoning.