Cadmium toxicity in plants

Abstract: The increasing incidence of soil cadmium (Cd) pollution significantly hinders the sustainable development of agriculture and food security. Improving crop stress resistance through nanobiotechnology represents a secure and sustainable approach for increasing the efficiency of treating soils contaminated with heavy metals. This study investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which silica nanoparticles (nSiO 2 ) alleviate plant Cd toxicity via ZW6 pea as the experimental material. These results indicate that Cd treatment severely impedes the growth and development of peas. However, nSiO 2 application notably increased the lateral root number (25.00%), primary root length (33.93%), leaf dry weight (29.18%), root dry weight (17.41%), and photosynthesis rate (13.84%), thereby reducing the degree of oxidative damage caused by Cd toxicity. Moreover, Cd content in the roots (22.24%) and leaves (67.88%) of pea seedlings decreased with nSiO 2 treatment, improving mineral nutrition and alleviating Cd-induced growth inhibition. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pea seedlings subjected to Cd toxicity and nSiO 2 treatment, revealing the molecular response of these plants to Cd stress. The addition of nSiO 2 alongside Cd toxicity altered the C/N metabolic pathway in peas, particularly affecting sucrose and amino acid metabolism. This study highlights the effectiveness of nSiO 2 in reducing Cd accumulation, mitigating oxidative stress, enhancing micronutrient absorption, restructuring metabolic pathways, and alleviating the growth inhibition caused by Cd toxicity. These findings provide a theoretical framework for enhancing crop stress resistance in agriculture through nanoparticle technology, offering a novel strategy for managing farmland contamination by heavy metals and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

TL;DR: This study evaluates the emergence, growth, and anatomy of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi in iron mining tailings, finding toxicity and reduced growth due to potentially toxic elements, but also potential for revegetation with 75% seedling survival.

TL;DR: To improve the success rates, future phytoremediation plans need to preselect plant species with high antioxidative enzyme activities and an alert GST pattern capable of detoxifying an array of organic xenobiotics.

TL;DR: The present contribution reviews the mechanisms of Cd and Zn uptake, transport and deposition, tissue and cellular localization as well as various proteomic and metabolomic responses.

TL;DR: 1. Oxygen is a toxic gas - an introduction to oxygen toxicity and reactive species, and the chemistry of free radicals and related 'reactive species'

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between mineral nutrition and plant diseases and pests, and diagnose deficiency and toxicity of mineral nutrients in leaves and other aerial parts of a plant.

TL;DR: This chapter discusses the relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Plant Diseases and Pests, and the Soil-Root Interface (Rhizosphere) in Relation to Mineral Nutrition.

TL;DR: Key steps of the signal transduction pathway that senses ROIs in plants have been identified and raise several intriguing questions about the relationships between ROI signaling, ROI stress and the production and scavenging ofROIs in the different cellular compartments.