Body Sensor Networks: A Holistic Approach From Silicon to Users This survey presents a vision that incorporates principles and novel ideas for enabling adaptive operation in dynamic physical environments using energy-constrained miniaturized sensor devices.

TL;DR: A holistic cross-layer approach is described that addresses all aspects of the BSN system, from low-level hardware design to higher level communication and data fusion algorithms, to top-level applications.

Abstract: Body sensor networks (BSNs) are emerging cyber- physical systems that promise to improve quality of life through improved healthcare, augmented sensing and actua- tion for the disabled, independent living for the elderly, and reduced healthcare costs. However, the physical nature of BSNs introduces new challenges. The human body is a highly dyna- mic physical environment that creates constantly changing demands on sensing, actuation, and quality of service (QoS). Movement between indoor and outdoor environments and physical movements constantly change the wireless channel characteristics. These dynamic application contexts can also have a dramatic impact on data and resource prioritization. Thus, BSNs must simultaneously deal with rapid changes to both top-down application requirements and bottom-up re- source availability. This is made all the more challenging by the wearable nature of BSN devices, which necessitates a vanish- ingly small size and, therefore, extremely limited hardware resources and power budget. Current research is being per- formed to develop new principles and techniques for adaptive operation in highly dynamic physical environments, using mi- niaturized, energy-constrained devices. This paper describes a holistic cross-layer approach that addresses all aspects of the system, from low-level hardware design to higher level commu- nication and data fusion algorithms, to top-level applications.