Biogenic Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Its Applications for Sustainable Development

Abstract: Currently, little is known about the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on ecologically important microorganisms such as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). We performed a multi-analytical approach to demonstrate the effects of uncapped nanosilver (uAgNP), capped nanosilver (cAgNP) and Ag2SO4 on the activities of the AOB: Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosospira multiformis and Nitrosococcus oceani, and the growth of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as model bacterial systems in relation to AgNP type and concentration. All Ag treatments caused significant inhibition to the nitrification potential rates (NPRs) of Nitrosomonas europaea (decreased from 34 to < 16.7 μM NH4+ oxidized day−1), Nitrosospira multiformis (decreased from 46 to < 24.8 μM NH4+ oxidized day−1) and Nitrosococcus oceani (decreased from 26 to < 18.4 μM NH4+ oxidized day−1). Escherichia coli-Ag interactions revealed that the percentage of damaged E. coli cells was 45% greater with Ag2SO4, 39% with cAgNPs and 33% with uAgNPs compared with controls. Generally, the inhibitory effect on AOB NPRs and E. coli/B. subtilis growth was in the following order Ag2SO4 > cAgNP > uAgNP. In conclusion, AgNPs (especially cAgNPs) and Ag2SO4 adversely affected AOB activities and thus have the potential to severely impact key microbially driven processes such as nitrification in the environment.

TL;DR: In this article , analytical techniques for measurement and identification of selenium in water have been reviewed and different remediation methods for selenion removal from water has been investigated, including physical, biological and chemical.

TL;DR: In this paper , different types of green-synthesized nanoparticles such as plant-derived, polymer-based, and ionic liquid metal oxides as well as their applications in photocatalytic activities and their mechanism under UV-visible light or sunlight irradiation.

TL;DR: The current status of microbial synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles is presented and several factors such as microbial cultivation methods and the extraction techniques have to be optimized and the combinatorial approach such as photobiological methods may be used.

TL;DR: Nanogram-microgram per litre concentrations are present in groundwater for a large range of EOCs as well as metabolites and transformation products and under certain conditions may pose a threat to freshwater bodies for decades due to relatively long groundwater residence times.

TL;DR: In this article, the Mechanistic Uptake Model was used to model the Nutrient UPTake by Plant Roots Growing in Soil and the interaction of plant roots with the soil and environment.

TL;DR: The delivery of nanoparticulate materials to plants and their ultimate effects are reviewed to provide some insights for the safe use of this novel technology for the improvement of crops.