Beliefs about L1 Use in Teaching English: A Comparative Study of Polish and Spanish Teacher-Trainees.

TL;DR: This article examined the influence of L1 on second language learning of teacher trainees in St. Francis College of Education, Hohoe and the effect of L2 on their academic performance in their training to get into teaching professional languages.

TL;DR: The cloud platform teaching system effectively integrates Chinese traditional culture into college English education and teaching, balancing the five primary cultural contents and optimizing the functional modules. Students generally prefer the Learning Center, Resource Center, Extracurricular Paradise, and PK Pavilion modules, while only a small percentage prefer the Psychological Center module. The system significantly improves the quality of thinking dimension and overall student performance.

TL;DR: L1 use in L2 vocabulary tasks assists students in understanding new words and promotes collaborative interaction. However, some students hold beliefs that contradict their actions.

TL;DR: In this paper , the role of translation in supporting the language learning process was explored by adopting an experimental design to reveal whether engaging in translation practice could improve participants' skills in reading comprehension.

Abstract: Preface.Preface to the Second Edition.Preface to the First Edition.1. An Introduction to Applied Probability.2. Statistical Inference for a Single Proportion.3. Assessing Significance in a Fourfold Table.4. Determining Sample Sizes Needed to Detect a Difference Between Two Proportions.5. How to Randomize.6. Comparative Studies: Cross-Sectional, Naturalistic, or Multinomial Sampling.7. Comparative Studies: Prospective and Retrospective Sampling.8. Randomized Controlled Trials.9. The Comparison of Proportions from Several Independent Samples.10. Combining Evidence from Fourfold Tables.11. Logistic Regression.12. Poisson Regression.13. Analysis of Data from Matched Samples.14. Regression Models for Matched Samples.15. Analysis of Correlated Binary Data.16. Missing Data.17. Misclassification Errors: Effects, Control, and Adjustment.18. The Measurement of Interrater Agreement.19. The Standardization of Rates.Appendix A. Numerical Tables.Appendix B. The Basic Theory of Maximum Likelihood Estimation.Appendix C. Answers to Selected Problems.Author Index.Subject Index.

TL;DR: A new printing of Lortie's classic, including a new preface bringing the author's observations up to date, has been published by as discussed by the authors, which is an essential view into the world and culture of a vitally important profession.

Abstract: Upon its initial publication, many reviewers dubbed Dan C. Lortie's Schoolteacher the best social portrait of the profession since Willard Waller's The Sociology of Teaching. This new printing of Lortie's classic - including a new preface bringing the author's observations up to date - is an essential view into the world and culture of a vitally important profession.

TL;DR: A wire-type cutting machine comprising a continuously moving wire which is guided over rollers supported by a set of rigid arms in the form of a parallelogram.