Open AccessJournal Article
Behavioral despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants
Porsolt Rd,Bertin A,Jalfre M +2 more
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TL;DR: The mouse procedure is more rapid and less costly than that with rats and is thus more suitable for the primary screening of antidepressant drugs, suggesting that the procedure is selectively sensitive to antidepressant treatments.
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Abstract: A depressed state can be induced in mice by forcing them to swim in a narrow cylinder from which they cannot escape. After a brief period of vigorous activity the mice adopt a characteristic immobile posture which is readily identifiable. Immobility was reduced by tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and atypical antidepressants, as well as by electroconvulsive shock. Psychostimulants also reduced immobility but in contrast to antidepressants caused marked motor stimulation. Immobility was not affected by minor or major tranquilisers. These findings, closely parallel to those we have previously reported in rats, suggest that the procedure is selectively sensitive to antidepressant treatments. The mouse procedure is, however, more rapid and less costly than that with rats and is thus more suitable for the primary screening of antidepressant drugs.
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Citations
The Rodent Forced Swim Test Measures Stress-Coping Strategy, Not Depression-like Behavior.
TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed that argues a more thoughtful consideration of the FST, and more precise terminology, would benefit the study of stress and disorders characterized by altered response to stress, which include but are not limited to depression.
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Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta haploinsufficiency mimics the behavioral and molecular effects of lithium.
W. Timothy O'Brien,Amber DeAra Harper,Fernando Jové,James R Woodgett,Silvia Maretto,Stefano Piccolo,Peter S. Klein +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that lithium therapy activates Wnt signaling in vivo, as measured by increased Wnt-dependent gene expression in the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, which supports a central role for GSK-3β in mediating behavioral responses to lithium.
450
Air pollution impairs cognition, provokes depressive-like behaviors and alters hippocampal cytokine expression and morphology
Laura K. Fonken,Xiaohua Xu,Zachary M. Weil,G Chen,Qinghua Sun,Sanjay Rajagopalan,Randy J. Nelson +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that long-term exposure to particulate air pollution levels typical of exposure in major cities around the globe can alter affective responses and impair cognition.
445
Recent advances in animal models of chronic antidepressant effects: The novelty-induced hypophagia test
Stephanie C. Dulawa,René Hen +1 more
TL;DR: The NIH paradigm provides a promising new model for investigations into the neurobiology underlying the antidepressant response, and a newly revised hyponeophagia paradigm is presented, called the novelty-induced hypophagía (NIH) test, which attempts to maximize the predictive validity and practicality of the test.
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Factors influencing behavior in the forced swim test.
TL;DR: The previously published literature is analyzed for factors which are known to influence animal behavior in the FST, and consideration of these factors in planning experiments may result in more consistent FST results.
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