BCG Vaccination Protects against Experimental Viral Infection in Humans through the Induction of Cytokines Associated with Trained Immunity

TL;DR: The immunological principles that need to be taken into consideration in the development of COVID-19 vaccine strategies are discussed and their strengths and potential shortfalls are examined, and inferences about their chances of success are made.

TL;DR: The potential causal link between periodontitis and its comorbidities is further strengthened by recent experimental animal studies establishing biologically plausible and clinically consistent mechanisms whereby periodsontitis could initiate or aggravate a comorbi condition as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: A review of the known knowns and known unknowns of adjuvants can be found in this article, where the authors discuss emerging concepts and highlight how our expanding knowledge about innate immunity and systems vaccinology are revitalizing the science and development of novel adjuants for use in vaccines against COVID-19 and future pandemics.

TL;DR: The varied roles of IL-1 family members in immune homeostasis and their contribution to pathologies, including autoimmunity and auto-inflammation, dysmetabolism, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer are discussed.

TL;DR: Pivotal for the clinical development of new sepsis therapies is the selection of patients on the basis of biomarkers and/or functional defects that provide specific insights into the expression or activity of the therapeutic target.

TL;DR: It is shown that bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination in healthy volunteers led to a four- to sevenfold increase in the production of IFN-γ, but also to a twofold enhanced release of monocyte-derived cytokines, such as TNF and IL-1β, in response to unrelated bacterial and fungal pathogens.

TL;DR: The epigenetic and transcriptional programs of monocyte differentiation to macrophages that distinguish tolerant and trained macrophage phenotypes are uncovered, providing a resource to further understand and manipulate immune-mediated responses.

TL;DR: BamTools is a software suite for programmers and end users that facilitates research analysis and data management using BAM files and provides both the first C++ API publicly available for BAM file support as well as a command-line toolkit.