Journal Article10.1080/03610910903312219
Bayesian interval estimation for predictive values from case-control studies.
James D. Stamey,Melinda M. Holt +1 more
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TL;DR: This work allows for uncertainty in the estimate of the population prevalence and via simulation explore the impact of deviations from the assumed value of PPV and NPV.
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Abstract: Positive predictive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) are often used to assess the accuracy of binary diagnostic tests. Unlike sensitivity and specificity, PPV and NPV are functions of the accuracy of the test and the overall prevalence of the disease in the population. In many studies of performance of estimators of PPV and NPV the population prevalence is assumed known. We allow for uncertainty in the estimate of the population prevalence and via simulation explore the impact of deviations from the assumed value.
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Citations
Prospective Study of Diagnostic Accuracy Comparing Prostate Cancer Detection by Transrectal Ultrasound–Guided Biopsy Versus Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging with Subsequent MR-guided Biopsy in Men Without Previous Prostate Biopsies
Morgan Pokorny,Maarten de Rooij,Earl Duncan,Fritz H. Schröder,Robert Parkinson,Jelle O. Barentsz,Leslie C. Thompson +6 more
TL;DR: Comparing the diagnostic efficacy of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pathway with transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen found that mpMRI/MRGB reduces the detection of low-risk PCa and reduces the number of men requiring biopsy while improving the overall rate of detection of intermediate/high- risk PCa.
543
Joint confidence region estimation on predictive values.
Braydon Schaible,Jingjing Yin +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the joint inference of positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) is proposed to estimate the joint confidence region as well as the individual confidence intervals of PPV and NPV.
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Unreliable evidence in binary classification problems
David W. Flater
- 07 May 2019
TL;DR: This report explains the problem ofinary classification problems and explores options for accounting for the often-neglected uncertainty and concludes that a neat solution that does no harm to less uncertain cases remains elusive.
1
Interval Estimates for Predictive Values in Diagnostic Testing with Three Outcomes
Scott Clark,Lauren Mondin,Courtney Weber,Jessica Winborn +3 more
- 01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Clark et al. as discussed by the authors derived classical Wald-type and Bayesian interval estimates of positive predictive value, negative predictive value and uncertain predictive value for diagnostic tests in which the disease state remains uncertain.
Statistical methods and software for validation studies on new in vitro toxicity assays.
TL;DR: Confidence intervals for predictive values are computed for a validation study of an in vitro test battery, and sample size calculation is illustrated for an acute toxicity assay using R, the free software.
References
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Sample size determination for estimation of the accuracy of two conditionally independent tests in the absence of a gold standard
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Approximate confidence intervals for one proportion and difference of two proportions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an approximate method based on a t-approximation that takes account of the uncertainty in estimating the variance of the observed (pseudo-) sample proportion.
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