Journal Article10.1177/1754073911410743
Basic Emotion Questions
277
TL;DR: Among discrete emotions, basic emotions are the most elemental; most distinct; most continuous across species, time, and place; and most intimately related to survival-critical functions as discussed by the authors.
read more
Abstract: Among discrete emotions, basic emotions are the most elemental; most distinct; most continuous across species, time, and place; and most intimately related to survival-critical functions. For an emotion to be afforded basic emotion status it must meet criteria of: (a) distinctness (primarily in behavioral and physiological characteristics), (b) hard-wiredness (circuitry built into the nervous system), and (c) functionality (provides a generalized solution to a particular survival-relevant challenge or opportunity). A set of six emotions that most clearly meet these criteria (enjoyment, anger, disgust, fear, surprise, sadness) and three additional emotions (relief/contentment, interest, love) for which the evidence is not yet quite as strong is described. Empirical approaches that are most and least useful for establishing basic-emotion status are discussed. Basic emotions are thought to have a central organizing mechanism and to have the capacity to influence behavior, thoughts, and other fundamental proc...
read more
Chat with Paper
AI Agents for this Paper
Find similar papers on Google Scholar, PubMed and Arxiv
Write a critical review of this paper
Analyze citations of this paper to find unaddressed research gaps
Citations
Emotional Expressions Reconsidered: Challenges to Inferring Emotion From Human Facial Movements:
Lisa Feldman Barrett,Ralph Adolphs,Stacy Marsella,Stacy Marsella,Aleix M. Martinez,Seth D. Pollak +5 more
TL;DR: There is an urgent need for research that examines how people actually move their faces to express emotions and other social information in the variety of contexts that make up everyday life, as well as careful study of the mechanisms by which people perceive instances of emotion in one another.
1.3K
Facial expressions of emotion are not culturally universal
TL;DR: By refuting the long-standing universality hypothesis, the data highlight the powerful influence of culture on shaping basic behaviors once considered biologically hardwired and open a unique nature–nurture debate across broad fields from evolutionary psychology and social neuroscience to social networking via digital avatars.
838
Neural correlates of written emotion word processing:a review of recent electrophysiological and hemodynamic neuroimaging studies
TL;DR: The aim of the present review is to integrate findings from electrophysiological (ERP) and hemodynamic neuroimaging (fMRI) studies in order to provide a better understanding of emotion word processing.
497
Reward and motivation in pain and pain relief
Edita Navratilova,Frank Porreca +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that assessing activity in these conserved circuits can offer new outcome measures for preclinical evaluation of analgesic efficacy to improve translation and speed drug discovery and targeting reward/motivation circuits may provide a path for normalizing the consequences of chronic pain to the brain.
References
•Book
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
Charles Darwin
- 01 Jan 1872
TL;DR: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Introduction to the First Edition and Discussion Index, by Phillip Prodger and Paul Ekman.
11.8K
•Book
Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things
George Lakoff
- 01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: A fire damper of the kind in which at least one flap is pivoted in a duct between a first position in which the flap closes the duct and a second position inwhich the duct is open.
9.9K
An argument for basic emotions
TL;DR: This work has shown that not only the intensity of an emotion but also its direction may vary greatly both in the amygdala and in the brain during the course of emotion regulation.
9.2K
Emotion Circuits in the Brain
TL;DR: The field of neuroscience has, after a long period of looking the other way, again embraced emotion as an important research area, and much of the progress has come from studies of fear, and especially fear conditioning as mentioned in this paper.
8.2K