1. What are the contributions in "Bacteriophages reduce yersinia enterocolitica contamination of food and kitchenware" ?
To the best of their knowledge, this is the first report of the successful application of phages for the control of Y. enterocolitica growth in food and on kitchen utensils.
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2. What was used to assemble the phage genomes?
The A5-miseq integrated pipeline for de novo assembly of microbial genomes was used to assemble the genomic sequences (Coil et al., 2015).
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3. What are the main causes of cross-contamination with foodborne pathogens in the kitchen?
Cutting boards, knives, and hands have been identified as important causes of cross-contamination with foodborne pathogens in kitchens (Zhao et al., 1998).
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4. How many PFU/cm2 were sprayed on cutting boards?
Sampling the utensils immediately after phage application yielded counts of 2.3× 108 PFU/cm2 on wooden cutting boards, 2.35×108 PFU/cm2 on plastic cutting boards, 2.25×108 PFU/ml on knives, and 2.9×108 PFU/ml on artificial hands.
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![Fig. 4. Genome-wide nucleotide phylogeny of fHe-Yen3-01 (A) and fHe-Yen9-01 (B), and their closely related viruses. The analyses were conducted using VICTOR Virus Classification and Tree Building Online Resource with settings recommended for prokaryotic viruses. The tree was visualized using FigTree. GenBank accession numbers for the fHe-Yen3-01 and its related viruses (A): fHe-Yen3-01 [KY318515], f80-18 [HE956710], Dev [LN878149], PP2 [KX756572], YenP [KT184661], PP16 [KX278418], GAP227 [KC107834], and fR8-01 [HE956707]. GenBank accession numbers for the fHe-Yen9-01 and its related viruses (B): fHe-Yen9-01 [KY593455], fR1-RT [HE956709], TG1 [KP202158], X20 [MF036692], CHI14 [MF036690], PEi26 [AP014715], PEi20 [AP014714], PM2 [KF835987], JS98 [EF469154], JS10 [EU863409], and T4 [AF158101].](/figures/fig-4-genome-wide-nucleotide-phylogeny-of-fhe-yen3-01-a-and-jtggp49t.png)
