Journal Article10.1038/NRMICRO2315
Bacteriophage resistance mechanisms.
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TL;DR: This Review highlights the most important antiviral mechanisms of bacteria as well as the counter-attacks used by phages to evade these systems.
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Abstract: Phages are now acknowledged as the most abundant microorganisms on the planet and are also possibly the most diversified. This diversity is mostly driven by their dynamic adaptation when facing selective pressure such as phage resistance mechanisms, which are widespread in bacterial hosts. When infecting bacterial cells, phages face a range of antiviral mechanisms, and they have evolved multiple tactics to avoid, circumvent or subvert these mechanisms in order to thrive in most environments. In this Review, we highlight the most important antiviral mechanisms of bacteria as well as the counter-attacks used by phages to evade these systems.
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Analyses of Short-Term Antagonistic Evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain PAO1 and Phage KPP22 (Myoviridae Family, PB1-Like Virus Genus).
Jumpei Uchiyama,Masato Suzuki,Koji Nishifuji,Shin-ichiro Kato,Reina Miyata,Tadahiro Nasukawa,Kotoe Yamaguchi,Iyo Takemura-Uchiyama,Takako Ujihara,Hidekatsu Shimakura,Hironobu Murakami,Noriaki Okamoto,Yoshihiko Sakaguchi,Keigo Shibayama,Masahiro Sakaguchi,Shigenobu Matsuzaki +15 more
TL;DR: The in vitro short-term antagonistic evolution of bacteria and PB1-like phage was studied and it was shown that the bacterial resistance to phage KPP22 was caused by significant decreases in phage adsorption and that the improved infectivity of KPP 22 mutant phages was cause by significant increases in phages adsorptive.
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Selection of Potential Therapeutic Bacteriophages that Lyse a CTX-M-15 Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain from the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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TL;DR: B bacteriophages that show strong lytic activity against this isolate and have potential for phage-based treatment of S. Typhi, and Salmonella in general are selected.
Reliability of nine programs of topological predictions and their application to integral membrane channel and carrier proteins.
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Patent
Compositions and methods related to a type-II CRISPR-Cas system in Lactobacillus buchneri
Rodolphe Barrangou,Alexandra E. Briner +1 more
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TL;DR: In this article, the present invention is directed to methods and compositions for typing of Lactobacillus buchneri bacterial strains, detecting the presence of a L. buchsi in a sample, identifying a strain of L. B. having resistance to an invasive foreign genetic element, modifying the resistance of bacteria and archeae to a foreign element, and introducing nicks into or cleaving double stranded DNA for genome editing.
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References
CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes
Rodolphe Barrangou,Christophe Fremaux,Hélène Deveau,Melissa Richards,Patrick Boyaval,Sylvain Moineau,Dennis A. Romero,Philippe Horvath +7 more
TL;DR: It is found that, after viral challenge, bacteria integrated new spacers derived from phage genomic sequences, and CRISPR provided resistance against phages, and resistance specificity is determined by spacer-phage sequence similarity.
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Stan J. J. Brouns,Matthijs M. Jore,Magnus Lundgren,Edze R. Westra,Rik J. H. Slijkhuis,Ambrosius P. Snijders,Mark J. Dickman,Kira S. Makarova,Eugene V. Koonin,John van der Oost +9 more
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the formation of mature guide RNAs by the CRISPR RNA endonuclease subunit of Cascade is a mechanistic requirement for antiviral defense.
CRISPR/Cas, the Immune System of Bacteria and Archaea
TL;DR: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) form peculiar genetic loci, which provide acquired immunity against viruses and plasmids by targeting nucleic acid in a sequence-specific manner.
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Nucleotide sequence of the iap gene, responsible for alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion in Escherichia coli, and identification of the gene product.
TL;DR: Neither the isozyme-converting activity nor labeled Iap proteins were detected in the osmotic-shock fluid of cells carrying a multicopy iap plasmid, and the Iap protein seems to be associated with the membrane.
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Intervening Sequences of Regularly Spaced Prokaryotic Repeats Derive from Foreign Genetic Elements
TL;DR: It is shown that CRISPR spacers derive from preexisting sequences, either chromosomal or within transmissible genetic elements such as bacteriophages and conjugative plasmids, implying a relationship betweenCRISPR and immunity against targeted DNA.
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