Journal Article10.1016/S0167-6393(00)00099-6
Automatic language identification
M.A. Zissman,Kay Berkling +1 more
TL;DR: The set of available cues for language identification of speech is described and the different approaches to building working systems are discussed, including a range of historical approaches, contemporary systems that have been evaluated on standard databases, and promising future approaches.
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About: This article is published in Speech Communication. The article was published on 01 Aug 2001. The article focuses on the topics: Language identification & Language technology.
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Comparison of four approaches to automatic language identification of telephone speech
TL;DR: Four approaches for automatic language identification of speech utterances are compared: Gaussian mixture model (GMM) classification; single-language phone recognition followed by languaged dependent, interpolated n-gram language modeling (PRLM); parallel PRLM, which uses multiple single- language phone recognizers, each trained in a different language; and languagedependent parallel phone recognition (PPR).
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The World's Major Languages
Bernard Comrie
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TL;DR: This 1000 plus page reference work would certainly be a useful and impressive acquisition to any linguist's bookshelf and is a veritable mine of knowledge concerning language knowledge.