Journal Article10.1109/powertech55446.2023.10202714
Assessment of Demand Response Impact on the Frequency Stability of Low-Inertia Power Systems
Rui Afonso,João Lopes +1 more
- 25 Jun 2023
TL;DR: Assessment of Demand Response Impact on Low-Inertia Power Systems TLDR: A study analyzed the impact of demand response on frequency stability in the Iberian Peninsula, focusing on scenarios up to 2040. Dynamic models for primary and secondary frequency control were developed for EVs, TCL, and electrolysers. Simulations of reference disturbances were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the implemented demand response measures.
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Abstract: This paper describes a study that sought to analyse the impact of an active demand response on the frequency stability of the Iberian Peninsula for operation scenarios extending to 2040. For that purpose, one developed dynamic models for primary and secondary frequency control provision from demand-side resources, namely Electric Vehicles (EV), thermostatically controlled loads (TCL), and electrolysers. Those models were developed under a Matlab/Simulink environment, and added to a two-area control model representative of the Iberian Peninsula interconnected to the CESA area. Then, one ran simulations of reference disturbances (loss of a large generator or distributed generation) in the developed platform, once it was fully implemented.
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Figures
Figure 5.11: Nadir and RoCoF evolution, for winter peak periods, with and without demand participation in frequency control ![Figure 2.14: Controller for PV de-loaded operation [25]](/figures/figure2-14-1-oh84yr5a769z.png)
Figure 2.14: Controller for PV de-loaded operation [25] ![Figure 2.13: Creation of power reserve in PV systems [25]](/figures/figure2-13-1-4pxovccnmtbn.png)
Figure 2.13: Creation of power reserve in PV systems [25] ![Figure 1.4: Expected inertia evolution in the Iberian Peninsula, considering different scenarios [4]](/figures/figure1-4-1-6gahn7wcdbvz.png)
Figure 1.4: Expected inertia evolution in the Iberian Peninsula, considering different scenarios [4] ![Figure 2.8: Dynamic model of two interconnected control areas [19]](/figures/figure2-8-1-4nz1jlriesey.png)
Figure 2.8: Dynamic model of two interconnected control areas [19] ![Figure 2.25: System response to power imbalances, in different scenarios of frequency control provision [35]](/figures/figure2-25-1-6we6n2145ifr.png)
Figure 2.25: System response to power imbalances, in different scenarios of frequency control provision [35]
![Figure 2.14: Controller for PV de-loaded operation [25]](/figures/figure2-14-1-oh84yr5a769z.webp)
![Figure 2.13: Creation of power reserve in PV systems [25]](/figures/figure2-13-1-4pxovccnmtbn.webp)
![Figure 1.4: Expected inertia evolution in the Iberian Peninsula, considering different scenarios [4]](/figures/figure1-4-1-6gahn7wcdbvz.webp)
![Figure 2.8: Dynamic model of two interconnected control areas [19]](/figures/figure2-8-1-4nz1jlriesey.webp)
![Figure 2.25: System response to power imbalances, in different scenarios of frequency control provision [35]](/figures/figure2-25-1-6we6n2145ifr.webp)
References
Integration of Electric Vehicles in the Electric Power System
João Peças Lopes,Filipe Joel Soares,Pedro Rocha Almeida +2 more
- 01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: A conceptual framework to successfully integrate electric vehicles into electric power systems and several simulations are presented in order to illustrate the potential impacts/benefits arising from the electric vehicles grid integration under the referred framework.
Introducing Dynamic Demand Response in the LFC Model
TL;DR: In this article, a DR control loop is introduced in the traditional load frequency control (LFC) model for a single-area power system, which has the feature of optimal operation through optimal power sharing.
180
Effect of BESS Response on Frequency and RoCoF During Underfrequency Transients
TL;DR: While the rate of change of frequency services improves with reduced delivery times, limits are identified where further reductions produce a negligible impact, and that current technology could meet the criteria.
Electric vehicles contribution for frequency control with inertial emulation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a novel primary frequency control technique with electric vehicles (EV), the combination of inertial emulation and droop control, for isolated systems, in order to allow a safe integration of further intermittent renewable energy sources.
93