Journal Article10.1002/ADMA.201704407
Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges.
Seyed M. Mirvakili,Ian W. Hunter +1 more
874
TL;DR: The structure, actuation mechanism, applications, and limitations of recently developed artificial muscles, including highly oriented semicrystalline polymer fibers; nanocomposite actuators; twisted nanofiber yarns; thermally activated shape-memory alloys; ionic-polymer/metal composites; dielectric-elastomer actuator; and pneumatic actuators are discussed.
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Abstract: The area of artificial muscle is a highly interdisciplinary field of research that has evolved rapidly in the last 30 years. Recent advances in nanomaterial fabrication and characterization, specifically carbon nanotubes and nanowires, have had major contributions in the development of artificial muscles. However, what can artificial muscles really do for humans? This question is considered here by first examining nature's solutions to this design problem and then discussing the structure, actuation mechanism, applications, and limitations of recently developed artificial muscles, including highly oriented semicrystalline polymer fibers; nanocomposite actuators; twisted nanofiber yarns; thermally activated shape-memory alloys; ionic-polymer/metal composites; dielectric-elastomer actuators; conducting polymers; stimuli-responsive gels; piezoelectric, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, and photostrictive actuators; photoexcited actuators; electrostatic actuators; and pneumatic actuators.
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Citations
A Versatile Ionomer‐Based Soft Actuator with Multi‐Stimulus Responses, Self‐Sustainable Locomotion, and Photoelectric Conversion
Long-Feng Chang,Dongping Wang,Zhishan Huang,Chaofan Wang,Janno Torop,Bo Li,Yanjie Wang,Ying Hu,Alvo Aabloo +8 more
TL;DR: In this article , an ionomer-based bilayer actuator is proposed, which has high performance actuation of various forms and nice stability, responsive to light (including sunlight without focusing, LED light), low voltage, mild heating, and humidity/solvent change.
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Electro-responsive actuators based on graphene.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the recent advances in graphene-based Electro-responsive actuators (ERAs) and introduced the working mechanisms of these actuators, and the current challenges and future perspectives of graphene ERAs are discussed.
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High-twist-pervaded electrochemical yarn muscles with ultralarge and fast contractile actuations
Yulian Wang,Yulian Wang,Jian Qiao,Kunjie Wu,Wei Yang,Ming Ren,Ming Ren,Lizhong Dong,Lizhong Dong,Yurong Zhou,Yurong Zhou,Yulong Wu,Xiaona Wang,Zhenzhong Yong,Jiangtao Di,Jiangtao Di,Qingwen Li,Qingwen Li +17 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an electrochemical yarn muscle with ultralarge and fast contractile actuations was prepared by twisting and coiling a group of s-spun carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns that have a layered inner structure.
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TL;DR: The authors recapitulate biomimetic inspirations, recent advances in soft matter materials, representative fabrication techniques, system integration, and exemplary functions for underwater soft robots.
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Functional fibers for robotic fabrics
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