Journal Article10.1002/ADMA.201704407
Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges.
Seyed M. Mirvakili,Ian W. Hunter +1 more
874
TL;DR: The structure, actuation mechanism, applications, and limitations of recently developed artificial muscles, including highly oriented semicrystalline polymer fibers; nanocomposite actuators; twisted nanofiber yarns; thermally activated shape-memory alloys; ionic-polymer/metal composites; dielectric-elastomer actuator; and pneumatic actuators are discussed.
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Abstract: The area of artificial muscle is a highly interdisciplinary field of research that has evolved rapidly in the last 30 years. Recent advances in nanomaterial fabrication and characterization, specifically carbon nanotubes and nanowires, have had major contributions in the development of artificial muscles. However, what can artificial muscles really do for humans? This question is considered here by first examining nature's solutions to this design problem and then discussing the structure, actuation mechanism, applications, and limitations of recently developed artificial muscles, including highly oriented semicrystalline polymer fibers; nanocomposite actuators; twisted nanofiber yarns; thermally activated shape-memory alloys; ionic-polymer/metal composites; dielectric-elastomer actuators; conducting polymers; stimuli-responsive gels; piezoelectric, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, and photostrictive actuators; photoexcited actuators; electrostatic actuators; and pneumatic actuators.
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Citations
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TL;DR: A fluorenone derivative (4-DBpFO) showing a strong shear deformation upon heating due to a structural phase transition which is reproducible after more than hundred heating/cooling cycles is reported.
Recent progress in 4D printing of stimuli-responsive polymeric materials
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Fluid-driven artificial muscles: bio-design, manufacturing, sensing, control, and applications
Chao Zhang,Pingan Zhu,Yangqiao Lin,Wei Tang,Zhongdong Jiao,Huayong Yang,Jun Zou +6 more
- 01 Mar 2021
TL;DR: The bio-design, manufacturing, sensing, control, and applications of FAMs are introduced, including conventional pneumatic/hydraulic artificial muscles and several innovative artificial muscles driven by functional fluids.
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A Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Janus Inverse-Opal Actuator via Gradient Infiltration.
TL;DR: A facile fabrication of a hydrophilic/hydrophobic Janus inverse opal actuator via gradient infiltration is presented, providing insight into the design and fabrication of multifunctional humidity-actuating materials.
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Rigid and Strong Thermoresponsive Shape Memory Hydrogels Transformed from Poly(vinylpyrrolidone- co-acryloxy acetophenone) Organogels.
TL;DR: The poly(NVP- co-AAP) hydrogels exhibit good shape memory behaviors, with a complete fixation ratio and a recovery ratio of 74-89%, as well as very fast shape-fixing and recovering rates (in seconds).
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