Book Chapter10.1016/B978-0-12-394440-5.00004-8
Arrestins: role in the desensitization, sequestration, and vesicular trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors.
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TL;DR: This chapter summarizes the current understanding of the β-arrestin family's unique ability to control the kinetics as well as the extent of GPCR activity at the level of desensitization, sequestration, and subsequent intracellular trafficking.
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Abstract: Over the years, β-arrestins have emerged as multifunctional molecular scaffolding proteins regulating almost every imaginable G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function. Originally discovered as GPCR-desensitizing molecules, they have been shown to also serve as important regulators of GPCR signaling, sequestration, and vesicular trafficking. This broad functional role implicates β-arrestins as key regulatory proteins for cellular function. Hence, this chapter summarizes the current understanding of the β-arrestin family's unique ability to control the kinetics as well as the extent of GPCR activity at the level of desensitization, sequestration, and subsequent intracellular trafficking.
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Citations
Penehyclidine hydrochloride decreases pulmonary microvascular permeability by upregulating beta arrestins in a murine cecal ligation and puncture model.
TL;DR: This study suggests that in the CLP-induced lung injury model, PHC could reduce pulmonary microvascular permeability by upregulating expressions of beta arrestins.
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Seven-transmembrane receptors.
TL;DR: This paper showed that the classical models of G-protein coupling and activation of second-messenger-generating enzymes do not fully explain seven-transmembrane receptors' remarkably diverse biological actions.
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•Journal Article
Evolving Concepts in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Endocytosis: The Role in Receptor Desensitization and Signaling
TL;DR: The focus of this review is the current and evolving understanding of the contribution of GRKs, beta-arrestins, and endocytosis to GPCR-specific patterns of desensitization and resensitized.
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The nature of the arrestin-receptor complex determines the ultimate fate of the internalized receptor
TL;DR: Targeted manipulation of the characteristics of an arrestin protein that binds to a G protein-coupled receptors can dramatically change receptor trafficking and its ultimate fate in a cell.
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Heterotrimeric C proteins: Organizers of transmembrane signals
TL;DR: Some features of the structure and function of mammalian G protein subunits are summarized, then how the elements of the cellular language may be ordered and weighted to allow the cell to respond properly to the message is discussed.
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G protein-coupled receptor kinases.
TL;DR: This review focuses on the regulation of GRK activity by a variety of allosteric and other factors: agonist-stimulated GPCRs, beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric GTP- binding proteins, phospholipid cofactors, the calcium-binding proteins calmodulin and recoverin, posttranslational isoprenylation and palmitoylation, autophosphorylation, and protein kinase C-mediated GRK phosphorylation.
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