Journal Article10.1027/1614-0001/a000350
Are There Gender Differences in Executive Functions in Musicians and Non-Musicians?
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated possible gender differences in executive functions in musicians and non-musicians and found that women demonstrated a better performance than men for the target accuracy in the 2-back task.
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Abstract: Abstract. Until now, better performance in executive functions (EF) in musicians compared to non-musicians has not been investigated in relation to possible gender differences. For that, it is the main goal of this study to investigate possible gender differences in executive functions. Sixty-three musicians and 64 non-musicians, 63 men and 64 women respectively, completed tests of (a) cognitive processing speed (ZVT), (b) working memory (2-Back Task), (c) inhibition (Flanker Task), and (d) cognitive flexibility (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, WCST). Results showed a significantly better performance for the target accuracy in the working memory task for musicians compared to non-musicians but not in the other tasks of executive functions. Furthermore, women demonstrated a better performance than men for the target accuracy in the 2-Back Task. However, only cognitive processing speed predicted working memory performance but not the group affiliation or gender. This study revealed that gender differences in executive functions are less likely to appear also in a trained sub-group.
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Citations
Learning to play a musical instrument in the middle school is associated with superior audiovisual working memory and fluid intelligence: A cross-sectional behavioral study
M. Lippolis,Daniel Müllensiefen,Klaus Frieler,Benedetta Matarrelli,Peter Vuust,Rosalinda Cassibba,Elvira Brattico +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors focused on instrumental training incorporated in the public middle school curriculum in Italy that includes both individual, group and collective (orchestral) lessons several times a week, and found that the music children attending the third and last grade of middle school had better performance and showed the largest advantage compared to the control group on both audiovisual working memory and fluid intelligence.
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