Arabidopsis stomatal initiation is controlled by MAPK-mediated regulation of the bHLH SPEECHLESS.
TL;DR: It is found that a unique domain in a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) stomatal initiating factor, SPEECHLESS, renders it a MAPK phosphorylation target in vitro and modulates its function in vivo.
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Abstract: Stomata, epidermal structures that modulate gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere, play critical roles in primary productivity and the global climate. Positively acting transcription factors and negatively acting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling control stomatal development in Arabidopsis; however, it is not known how the opposing activities of these regulators are integrated. We found that a unique domain in a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) stomatal initiating factor, SPEECHLESS, renders it a MAPK phosphorylation target in vitro and modulates its function in vivo. MAPK cascades modulate a diverse set of activities including development, cell proliferation, and response to external stresses. The coupling of MAPK signaling to SPEECHLESS activity provides cell type specificity for MAPK output while allowing the integration of multiple developmental and environmental signals into the production and spacing of stomata.
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Citations
Regulation of Plasmodesmatal Permeability and Stomatal Patterning by the Glycosyltransferase-Like
Danyu Kong,Rucha Karve,Alaina H. Willet,Ming-Kun Chen,Jennifer Oden,Elena D. Shpak +5 more
- 01 Jan 2012
Abstract: The differentiation of stomata provides a convenient model for studying pattern formation in plant tissues. Stomata formation is induced by a set of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and inhibited by a signal transduction pathway initiated by TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) and ERECTA family (ERf) receptors. The formation of a proper stomata pattern is also dependent upon the restriction of symplastic movement of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors into neighboring cells, especially in the backgrounds where the function of the TMM/ERf signaling pathway is compromised. Here, we describe a novel mutant of KOBITO1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The kob1-3 mutation leads to the formation of stomata clusters in the erl1 erl2 background but not in the wild type. Cell-to-cell mobility assays demonstrated an increase in intercellular protein trafficking in kob1-3, including increased diffusion of SPEECHLESS, suggesting that the formation of stomata clusters is due to an escape of cell fate-specifying factors from stomatal lineage cells. While plasmodesmatal permeability is increased in kob1-3, we did not detect drastic changes in callose accumulation at the neck regions of the plasmodesmata. Previously, KOBITO1 has been proposed to function in cellulose biosynthesis. Our data demonstrate that disruption of cellulose biosynthesis in the erl1 erl2 background does not lead to the formation of stomata clusters, indicating that cellulose biosynthesis is not a major determining factor for regulating plasmodesmatal permeability. Analysis of KOBITO1 structure suggests that it is a glycosyltransferase-like protein. KOBITO1 might be involved in a carbohydrate metabolic pathway that is essential for both cellulose biosynthesis and the regulation of plasmodesmatal permeability.
Phosphorylation-Dependent Activation of the bHLH Transcription Factor ICE1/SCRM Promotes Polarization of the Arabidopsis Zygote
Houming Chen,Feng Xiong,Torren Bischoff,Kai Wang,Yingjing Miao,Daniel Slane,Rebecca Schwab,Thomas Laux,Martin Bayer +8 more
- 05 Jul 2024
TL;DR: The results show that SCRM has a critical function in zygote polarization and acts in parallel with the known MPK3/6 target WRKY2 in activating the homeobox transcription factor gene WOX8 and demonstrates that SCRM activity in the early embryo is positively controlled by MPK3/6-mediated phosphorylation.
Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 promotes stomatal development through repression of AGB1 inhibition of SPEECHLESS DNA-binding activity.
Xiaoli Cao,Pengbo Xu,Yao Liu,Guangqiong Yang,Minqing Liu,Li Chen,Yingyu Cheng,Peng Xu,Langxi Miao,Zhilei Mao,Wenxiu Wang,Shuang Kou,Tongtong Guo,Hong-Quan Yang +13 more
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the mechanism by which CRY1 promotes stomatal development involves positive regulation of the DNA-binding activity of SPCH mediated by CRY 1 inhibition of the AGB1-SPCH interaction.
Review: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in nutritional signaling in Arabidopsis
TL;DR: In this review, an in silico analysis of MAPK gene expression in response to nutrients supporting their involvement in nutritional signaling is performed and potential new avenues for approaches toward plants with higher nutrient use efficiencies are evoked.
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Stomatal Development and Patterning Are Regulated by Environmentally Responsive Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Arabidopsis
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