Arabidopsis stomatal initiation is controlled by MAPK-mediated regulation of the bHLH SPEECHLESS.
TL;DR: It is found that a unique domain in a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) stomatal initiating factor, SPEECHLESS, renders it a MAPK phosphorylation target in vitro and modulates its function in vivo.
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Abstract: Stomata, epidermal structures that modulate gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere, play critical roles in primary productivity and the global climate. Positively acting transcription factors and negatively acting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling control stomatal development in Arabidopsis; however, it is not known how the opposing activities of these regulators are integrated. We found that a unique domain in a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) stomatal initiating factor, SPEECHLESS, renders it a MAPK phosphorylation target in vitro and modulates its function in vivo. MAPK cascades modulate a diverse set of activities including development, cell proliferation, and response to external stresses. The coupling of MAPK signaling to SPEECHLESS activity provides cell type specificity for MAPK output while allowing the integration of multiple developmental and environmental signals into the production and spacing of stomata.
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Bipartite anchoring of SCREAM enforces stomatal initiation by coupling MAP Kinases to SPEECHLESS
Aarthi Putarjunan,Aarthi Putarjunan,Jim Ruble,Ashutosh Srivastava,Chunzhao Zhao,Chunzhao Zhao,Amanda L. Rychel,Alex K. Hofstetter,Xiaobo Tang,Jian-Kang Zhu,Jian-Kang Zhu,Florence Tama,Ning Zheng,Ning Zheng,Keiko U. Torii,Keiko U. Torii,Keiko U. Torii +16 more
TL;DR: It is reported here that the bHLH protein SCREAM functions as a scaffold by recruiting MPK3/6 to downregulate SPEECHLESS, a transcription factor initiating stomatal cell lineages, and highlights a unique substrate-binding mode adopted by plant MAPKs.
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