Antibiotic Resistance Conferred by a Class I Integron and SXT Constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains Isolated in Laos
Masaaki Iwanaga,Claudia Toma,Tomoko Miyazato,Sithat Insisiengmay,Noboru Nakasone,Masahiko Ehara +5 more
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TL;DR: Analysis of SXTLAOS showed that there is a continuous flux of genes among V. cholerae SXT constins which should be carefully monitored.
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Abstract: Changes in the drug susceptibility pattern were observed in Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated in the Lao People's Democratic Republic during 1993 to 2000. In this study, 50 V. cholerae O1 strains were selected during this period for studying the presence of class I integron and SXT constin. Twenty-four streptomycin-resistant strains out of 26 isolated before 1997 contained a class I integron harboring the aadA1 gene cassette. Twenty-four strains isolated after 1997 contained an SXT constin (a large conjugative element). Twenty of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while four strains were susceptible to the antibiotic tested. The resistance genes included in the SXT constins were floR, tetA, strAB, and sulII, which encode resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole, respectively. The antibiotic resistance gene cluster was found to be deleted in the four susceptible strains. SXT(LAOS) did not contain dfrA1 or dfr18, which confer resistance to trimethoprim in SXT(ET) and SXT(MO10), respectively. A hot spot region of SXT(LAOS) was sequenced, and we identified two novel open reading frames showing homology to sO24 (exonuclease) and sO23 (helicase) of the genomic island associated with the multidrug resistance region of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. Analysis of SXT(LAOS) showed that there is a continuous flux of genes among V. cholerae SXT constins which should be carefully monitored.
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Citations
Molecular characterization of ICEVchVie0 and its disappearance in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in 2003 in Vietnam
Stefania Bani,Patrizia Nina Mastromarino,Daniela Ceccarelli,An Le Van,Anna Maria Salvia,Quynh Tram Ngo Viet,Duong Huynh Hai,Donatella Bacciu,Piero Cappuccinelli,Mauro M. Colombo +9 more
TL;DR: Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in the region of Thua Thien Hue (Vietnam) in 2003 showed the same BglI ribotype, irrespective of their site of isolation and resistance pattern, and this finding reinforces the idea that the SXT/R391 family of genetic elements is wide and composite.
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Pre-exposure to UV irradiation increases the transfer frequency of the IncJ conjugative transposon-like elements R391, R392, R705, R706, R997 and pMERPH and is recA+ dependent.
TL;DR: Using real-time PCR, it was determined that the amount of the circular intermediate produced increased substantially upon UV irradiation, and was shown to be recA+ dependent in all cases.
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Autochthonous Aquatic Vibrio cholerae in Haiti
Sandrine Baron,Jean Lesne,Eric Jouy,Emeline Larvor,Isabelle Kempf,Jacques Boncy,Stanilas Rebaudet,Renaud Piarroux +7 more
TL;DR: The results clearly indicate that the autochthonous population of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 found in surface waters in Haiti shows antimicrobial patterns different from that of the outbreak strain.
DNA-Damaging Agents Induce the RecA-Independent Homologous Recombination Functions of Integrating Conjugative Elements of the SXT/R391 Family
TL;DR: It is reported that expression of this recombination system, which consists of the single-stranded DNA annealing protein Bet and the exonuclease Exo, is induced by DNA-damaging agents via ICE-encoded transcriptional regulators.
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Genomic analysis of a novel integrative conjugative element in Vibrio cholerae
TL;DR: ICEVchB33 revealed a new genetic organization, different from other ICEs of the SXT/R391 family, demonstrating the genomic plasticity of these elements.
31
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