Anthocyanin pigments in strawberry

Question

1. What contributions have the authors mentioned in the paper "Anthocyanin pigments in strawberry" ?

2. What is the common anthocyanin in strawberry?

3. What was the preferred wavelength for the detection of strawberry anthocyanins?

4. How many different varieties of strawberry were detected?

Accepted Answer

Total anthocyanin content ranged between 200 and 600mg kg, with Pg 3-gluc constituting 77–90 % of the anthocyanins in the strawberry extracts followed by Pg 3-rut ( 6–11 % ) and Cy 3-gluc ( 3–10 % ).

Accepted Answer

Regarding anthocyanin distribution, Pg 3-gluc is the predominant compound in the strawberry extracts (83% of total anthocyanins on average), usually followed by Pg 3- rut (8%) and Cy 3-gluc (7%).

Accepted Answer

Double on-line detection was carried out in a diode array spectrophotometer (DAS), using 520 nm as the preferred wavelength, and in a mass spectrometer (MS) connected to the HPLC system via the DAS cell outlet.

Accepted Answer

The use of optimized HPLC conditions coupled to diode array and mass detection allowed us to detect up to 25 different anthocyanin pigments in strawberry fruits from five different varieties (cv. Eris, Oso Grande, Carisma, Tudnew and Camarosa).

Accepted Answer

An aliquot (2ml) of the aqueous phase was carefully deposited onto a C-18 SepPaks Vac 3cc cartridge (Waters); sugars and more polar substances were removed by passing 15ml of ultrapure water and anthocyanin pigments further eluted with 5ml of MeOH:0.1% TFA (95:5).

Accepted Answer

It is necessary to take into account that during gradient HPLC run a progressive bathochromic shift in the visible lmax of the anthocyanin peaks is produced with the increase in the percentage of acetonitrile in the mobile phase (Hebrero, Santos-Buelga, & Rivas-Gonzalo, 1988).

Accepted Answer

In the fiveARTICLE IN PRESS F.Lopes da Silva et al. / LWT 40 (2007) 374–382382strawberry varieties studied, Pg 3-gluc is always the predominant anthocyanin, usually followed by Pg 3-rut and Cy 3-gluc.

Accepted Answer

In addition, five peaks (5, 8, 9, 18 and 24) were identified as Cy derivatives based on the presence of a signal at m=z [M]+ 287 in their MS2 spectra.

Accepted Answer

Taking into account that galactose is the only relevant hexose found in anthocyanins besides glucose (Mazza & Miniati, 1993) and the retention characteristics of the peak, eluting before Pg 3-glucoside, it was tentatively associated to Pg 3-galactoside (galactosides elute before the equivalent glucosides; Escribano-Bailón, Santos-Buelga, Alonso, & Salinas, 2002).

Accepted Answer

The solid residue was exhaustively washed with methanol and the filtrates obtained were centrifuged (4000g, 15min, 2 1C) and the solid residue further submitted to the same process the number of times necessary to complete extraction of the colour.

Accepted Answer

A theoretical possibility that would also match these molecular ions is that one or both of them are products derived from anthocyanins acylated with malonic acid by esterification of the free carboxyl unit of the malonyl residue with the methanol used as a solvent for the extraction.

Accepted Answer

That was the first evidence of the occurrence in a natural plant source of this type of condensed pigments, whose formation was associated to reactions taking place during maturation and ageing of red wines (Jurd, 1969; Salas et al., 2004; Somers, 1971; Vivar-Quintana, Santos-Buelga, Francia-Aricha, & Rivas-Gonzalo, 1999).

Accepted Answer

According to Tamura et al. (1995) Pg 3-malonylglucoside is one of the main anthocyanins in strawberry comprising 30%, 25%, and 12% of the total anthocyanin content in cv’s Nyoho, Himesodachi and Reiko, respectively.

Accepted Answer

Concentrations of 185.0715.0 and 840.275.7mg kg 1 were determined in samples of Oso Grande and Camarosa, respectively, by Garcia-Viguera, Zafrilla, and Tomas-Barberan (1998).

Accepted Answer

The high levels found in Camarosa by those authors were explained by the more intense pigmentation of the inner tissues of the fruit than found in other varieties.

Anthocyanin pigments in strawberry

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Most frequently asked questions

1. What contributions have the authors mentioned in the paper "Anthocyanin pigments in strawberry" ?

2. What is the common anthocyanin in strawberry?

3. What was the preferred wavelength for the detection of strawberry anthocyanins?

4. How many different varieties of strawberry were detected?

5. How many aqueous phases were used to remove anthocyanins?

6. What is the significance of the gradient HPLC run?

7. What is the predominant anthocyanin in strawberry?

8. How many peaks were identified as anthocyanin derivatives?

9. What is the hexose in the anthocyanins?

10. How many times was the solid residue washed?

11. What is the theory that could be used to match these ions?

12. What was the first evidence of the occurrence of this type of pigments in a natural?

13. What is the percentage of Pg 3-glucoside in strawberry?

14. How many mg kg 1 of anthocyanins were found in Cama?

15. What is the reason for the high levels of anthocyanins in Camaros?

Figures

Citations

The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health.

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Different Types of Berries

Edible berries: bioactive components and their effect on human health.

USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods Release 3.1

Anthocyanins: from plant to health

References

Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Strawberries

The polymeric nature of wine pigments

Use of HPLC separation:photodiode array detection for characterization of anthocyanins

A survey of anthocyanins. I.

A survey of anthocyanins

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