Anomalous rectification in the squid giant axon injected with tetraethylammonium chloride.
TL;DR: Experiments on fibers in an external medium of high potassium ion concentration demonstrate that injected tetraethylammonium chloride causes rectification of the instantaneous current-voltage curve for potassium by excluding outward current.
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Abstract: The injection of tetraethylammonium chloride into the giant axon of the squid prolongs the action potential and eliminates most of the late current under voltage-clamp. Experiments on fibers in an external medium of high potassium ion concentration demonstrate that injected tetraethylammonium chloride causes rectification of the instantaneous current-voltage curve for potassium by excluding outward current. This interference with the flow of outward potassium ion current underlies the prolongation of the action potential seen in tetraethylammonium-injected fibers.
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Citations
Possible regulation of the cytosolic-free calcium concentration by Na+ spikes in immature cerebellar Purkinje cells
TL;DR: The results suggest that the spontaneous activation of voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels might be involved in the increase of [Ca]in.
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Electrophysiology and Biophysics of the Squid Giant Axon
William J. Adelman,Daniel L. Gilbert +1 more
- 01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The giant axon of the squid, Loligo pealei, is a valuable research preparation currently in use to solve several physiological problems and has been excellent preparations for the measurement of whole membrane bioelectrical phenomena.
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Action potential and ionic currents of myocardial fibers in the mollusc Spisula sachalinensis
Alexander K. Filippov,Vladimir I. Porotikov,Valentina D. Novoselova,Boris I. Bessonov,Svetlana V. Butsuk +4 more
TL;DR: The results obtained suggest an action potential generated by an inward Voltage-dependent calcium channel current and an outward voltage-dependent transient potassium current and the regulation of molluscan heart tension by these mediators is not related to the membrane potential-dependent ionic channels.
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Toxic Chemicals as Probes of Nerve Membrane Function
TL;DR: Certain toxins and chemicals have been used as probes to characterize nerve membrane ionic channels to study the mechanism of synaptic and neuromuscular transmission and to characterize, isolate and identify the sodium channel.
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Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxin as Pharmacological Tools
Peter W. Gage
- 01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: One of the earliest pharmacological uses of tetrodotoxin would have been as a poison in suicide, and perhaps homicide, attempts (Kao, 1964).
13
References
A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve
A. L. Hodgkin,A. F. Huxley +1 more
TL;DR: This article concludes a series of papers concerned with the flow of electric current through the surface membrane of a giant nerve fibre by putting them into mathematical form and showing that they will account for conduction and excitation in quantitative terms.
Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo
A. L. Hodgkin,A. F. Huxley +1 more
TL;DR: The identity of the ions which carry the various phases of the membrane current is chiefly concerned with sodium ions, since there is much evidence that the rising phase of the action potential is caused by the entry of these ions.
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Measurement of current-voltage relations in the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo.
TL;DR: The importance of ionic movements in excitable tissues has been emphasized by a number of recent experiments which are consistent with the theory that nervous conduction depends on a specific increase in permeability which allows sodium ions to move from the more concentrated solution outside a nerve fibre to the more dilute solution inside it.
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The dual effect of membrane potential on sodium conductance in the giant axon of Loligo
A. L. Hodgkin,A. F. Huxley +1 more
TL;DR: This paper contains a further account of the electrical properties of the giant axon of Loligo and deals with the 'inactivation' process which gradually reduces sodium permeability after it has undergone the initial rise associated with depolarization.
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