Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries

TL;DR: In this paper, two Coptic icons were studied, these date from the 18th century and were painted by IbrahimAl-Nasekh and are currently to be found in Saint Mercurius Church, Saint Mercurus Monastery in Old Cairo, Egypt.

TL;DR: Pliny the Elder describes the discovery of a process for making natron glass, which was widely used for much of the first millennium bc and ad. as discussed by the authors has shown that high quality glass, free of unreacted batch or bubbles, could have been produced from natron in its unprocessed form in a single stage, that larger quantities of natron would be required than has previously been anticipated, that the presence of different sodium-containing compounds in the deposit aided melting, and that negligible waste is produced.

TL;DR: In this article, the pigments and binders were examined by using four complementary techniques, namely EDXRF (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence), FORS (fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy), reflection FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectrograms) and micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis.