Anatomical Development of Phi Thickening and the Casparian Strip in Loquat Roots
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TL;DR: The anatomical development of cell wall ingrowth (phi thickening) in the cortical tissue adjacent to the endodermis and Casparian strip in endodermal cells was investigated in loquat roots and may be regarded as a defense mechanism against water stress.
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Abstract: The anatomical development of cell wall ingrowth (phi thickening) in the cortical tissue adjacent to the endodermis and Casparian strip in endodermal cells was investigated in loquat roots. Phi thickening initially appeared simultaneously approximately 10 mm from the root tip and expanded as the distance from the root tip increased. Phi thickening was observed with increased age in several layers of cortical tissue. Then, the phi thickening attained full size at approximately 30 mm from the root tip. When phi thickening began around the cortex, the initiation of Casparian strip formation appeared as a dot in the endodermis. At the next stage, the Casparian strip appeared partly in several endodermal cell walls facing the phloem sectors before eventually appearing in all endodermal cells. Phi thickening developed considerably before the completion of the Casparian strip in loquat roots. When the development of the Casparian strip finished in the endodermis, the cortical tissue with the phi thickening shed from the endodermis. Upon separation of the cortex and endodermis, the pericycle layers increased laterally to a thickness of 2 to 3 cells and accumulated auto-florescent substances in their cell walls. The Casparian strip appeared further away from root tip in young and white roots than in the old and light brown roots. When roots were sampled from trees planted under drought stress conditions, phi thickening was observed to have developed dramatically compared to normal conditions. The development of phi thickenings of cortex in loquat roots under drought conditions may be regarded as a defense mechanism against water stress.
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Citations
Review Article:Root development in horticultural plants grown under abiotic stress conditions – a review
TL;DR: A review of root development and the performance of root systems in horticultural plants growing under abiotic stresses such as drought, waterlogging, salinity, extreme temperature, low illumination, nutrient deficiency or excess, heavy metals, elevated atmospheric CO2, and mechanical restrictions is presented in this article.
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Root development in horticultural plants grown under abiotic stress conditions - a review
José Franco,Sebastián Bañón,M.J. Vicente,J. Miralles,Juan J. Martínez-Sánchez +4 more
- 01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: This work reviews the recent scientific literature on root development and the performance of root systems in horticultural plants growing under abiotic stresses such as drought, waterlogging, salinity, extreme temperature, low illumination, nutrient deficiency or excess, heavy metals, elevated atmospheric CO2, and mechanical restrictions.
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Role of phi cells and the endodermis under salt stress in Brassica oleracea.
TL;DR: The ultrastructural results confirm that phi cells are specialized cells showing cell wall ingrowths in the inner tangential cell walls, and seem to be regulating ion transport in Brassica oleracea under salt stress.
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Effects of soil water availability on development of suberin lamellae in the endodermis and exodermis and on cortical cell wall thickening in red bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) tree roots
Yang Song,Lihong Ye,Naosuke Nii +2 more
TL;DR: Root anatomical development was significantly changed by soil water conditions, and the suberin lamellae in the endodermis formed later in plants grown under dry conditions than in those grown under waterlogged conditions.
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The life of phi: the development of phi thickenings in roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis
Nurul A. Idris,David A. Collings +1 more
TL;DR: A pattern of callose and WGA deposition show changes in the thickened cell wall composition and may shed light on the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established.
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References
Salinity accelerates endodermal development and induces an exodermis in cotton seedling roots
TL;DR: The exodermis, which never developed in control roots, may play a role in protecting the root from water loss and/or leakage of solutes important for osmotic adjustment.
174
Vascular differentiation in the pear root
Katherine Esau
- 01 Apr 1943
TL;DR: Since many studies have been made on the phloem of roots of herbaceous plants (review by Esau, 1943), it seemed timely to add some data on the ontogeny of this tissue in a woody root.
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The development of the endoder mis andPhi layer of apple roots
TL;DR: Suberin lamellae and a tertiary cellulose wall in endodermal cells are deposited much closer to the tip of apple roots than of annual roots, and their greater frequency in the outer tangential and radial walls of thephi layer when compared with the endodermis suggests this layer may regulate the inflow of water and nutrients to the stele.
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The permeability of phi thickenings in apple (Pyrus malus) and geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) roots to an apoplastic fluorescent dye tracer
TL;DR: The permeability properties of the phi thickenings in apple and geranium roots were tested by treating them with a fabric brightener dye, Tinopal CBS-X (disodium-4,4′-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl), indicating that phiThickenings do not function as barriers to the apoplastic transport of relatively small molecules.
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