An overview of aqueous-phase catalytic processes for production of hydrogen and alkanes in a biorefinery

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the catalytic steam gasification and pyrolysis of Miscanthus-×-Giganteus pellets in the presence of haematite, an iron oxide used as catalyst is active in the gasification, is able to breakdown the tar produced during the thermal degradation of the biomass and leads to partial oxidation of phenols.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesize alternative catalytic upgrading strategies through integration of different chemistries, and develop a process model for all strategies and conduct heat integration to minimize utility requirements.

TL;DR: In this article, the nanostructured catalysts of copper hydrogen phosphate monohydrate and copper pyrophosphate were developed for catalyzing dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural under hot compressed water at 200°C.

TL;DR: In this article, an integrated strategy for the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is developed, where cellulose and hemicellulose fractions are first hydrolyzed into sugars using a mixture of γ-valerolactone (GVL), water, and toluene as a solvent containing dilute sulfuric acid as a catalyst, and the sugars are then co-fermented into ethanol over engineered yeast strains.

TL;DR: This paper reviews process parameters and their fundamental modes of action for promising pretreatment methods and concludes that pretreatment processing conditions must be tailored to the specific chemical and structural composition of the various, and variable, sources of lignocellulosic biomass.

TL;DR: Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation effectively removes glucose, which is an inhibitor to cellulase activity, thus increasing the yield and rate of cellulose hydrolysis, thereby increasing the cost of ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials.

TL;DR: In this article, the transesterification reaction is aected by molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acids and water content of oils or fats.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that hydrogen can be produced from sugars and alcohols at temperatures near 500 K in a single-reactor aqueous-phase reforming process using a platinum-based catalyst, and the findings suggest that catalytic aqueus phase reforming might prove useful for the generation of hydrogen-rich fuel gas from carbohydrates extracted from renewable biomass and biomass waste streams.