An Introduction to Particle Acceleration in Shearing Flows
Frank M. Rieger
- 10 Sep 2019
- Vol. 7, Iss: 3, pp 78
TL;DR: The acceleration of charged particles by microscopic instabilities in collisionless relativistic shear flows, Fermi-type particle acceleration in macroscopic, gradual and non-gradual shear flow, as well as shear particle acceleration by large-scale velocity turbulence are discussed in this article.
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Abstract: Shear flows are ubiquitously present in space and astrophysical plasmas. This paper highlights the central idea of the non-thermal acceleration of charged particles in shearing flows and reviews some of the recent developments. Topics include the acceleration of charged particles by microscopic instabilities in collisionless relativistic shear flows, Fermi-type particle acceleration in macroscopic, gradual and non-gradual shear flows, as well as shear particle acceleration by large-scale velocity turbulence. When put in the context of jetted astrophysical sources such as Active Galactic Nuclei, the results illustrate a variety of means beyond conventional diffusive shock acceleration by which power-law like particle distributions might be generated. This suggests that relativistic shear flows can account for efficient in-situ acceleration of energetic electrons and be of relevance for the production of extreme cosmic rays.
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Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a Monte Carlo analysis of particle motion in a moving, scattering fluid is presented, and it is shown that particles gain energy at a rate proportional to the square of the magnitude of the velocity change.
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Joni Tammi,Peter Duffy +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare diffusive shock acceleration, second-order Fermi, shear acceleration, and converter mechanism in TeV Blazars and propose stochastic acceleration as a promising candidate for the energy-dependent time delays in recent gamma-ray flares of Markarian 501.
Dissipative Processes and Their Role in the Evolution of Radio Galaxies
M. Perucho
- 31 Jul 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the conditions under which these processes occur and their role both in jet evolution and propagation and energy dissipation, and discuss the role of magnetohydrodynamical instabilities and entrainment in these processes.
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