Alternative Ribonucleic Acid Processing in Endocrine Systems
Hua Lou,Robert F. Gagel +1 more
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TL;DR: This review focuses on important endocrine genes regulated by alternative RNA processing and focuses on several endocrine and nonendocrine examples to highlight recent progress in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms regulating this process.
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Abstract: Alternative RNA processing is a mechanism for creation of protein diversity through selective inclusion or exclusion of RNA sequence during posttranscriptional processing. More than one-third of human pre-mRNAs undergo alternative RNA processing modification, making this a ubiquitous biological process. The protein isoforms produced have distinct and sometimes opposite functions, underscoring the importance of this process. This review focuses on important endocrine genes regulated by alternative RNA processing. We discuss how diverse events such as spermatogenesis or GH action are regulated by this process. We focus on several endocrine (calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide) and nonendocrine (Drosophila doublesex and P-element and mouse c-src) examples to highlight recent progress in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms regulating this process. Finally, we outline methods (model systems and techniques) used by investigators in this field to study processing of individual pre-mRNAs.
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U1 snRNP-dependent function of TIAR in the regulation of alternative RNA processing of the human calcitonin/CGRP pre-mRNA.
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Alternative RNA processing in calcitonin gene expression generates mRNAs encoding different polypeptide products
TL;DR: A model in which developmental regulation of RNA processing is used to increase the diversity of neuroendocrine gene expression is proposed.
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TL;DR: It is shown that the carboxy-terminal domain of the pol II large subunit is required for efficient RNA processing, and an association between the CTD and 3′-processing factors suggests that an mRNA 'factory' exists which carries out coupled transcription, splicing and cleavage–polyadenylation of mRNA precursors.
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Francesco Frasca,Giuseppe Pandini,Pierluigi Scalia,Laura Sciacca,Rossana Mineo,A. Costantino,Ira D. Goldfine,Antonino Belfiore,Riccardo Vigneri +8 more
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