Alteration in the receptor binding specificity of human growth hormone by genomic exon exchange.
TL;DR: Replacement of exons 3 or 4 of the hGH gene by the corresponding exons of the rat PRL or rat GH genes results in the synthesis of chimeric proteins which retain the ability to bind to lactogen receptors but can no longer bind to somatogen receptors.
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Abstract: The biological activities of the GH-PRL family of hormones are mediated by selective binding to two classes of cell membrane receptors, somatogen and lactogen. Primate GH such as human GH (hGH) are unusual in that they bind to both classes of receptors. Replacement of exons 3 or 4 of the hGH gene by the corresponding exons of the rat PRL or rat GH genes results in the synthesis of chimeric proteins which retain the ability to bind to lactogen receptors but can no longer bind to somatogen receptors. This selective loss of somatogen receptor binding in the chimeric proteins suggests that certain of the structural determinants of somatogen and lactogen receptor binding activities in hGH are distinct and can be separately modified by a limited number of amino acid substitutions.
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Growth hormone heterogeneity: genes, isohormones, variants, and binding proteins.
TL;DR: It can be argued that evolutionarily conserved GH variants probably have biological importance, and future work should aim at developing antibodies that are specific for individual GH variants.
479
Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of human prolactin: importance of the 58-74 region for bioactivity.
TL;DR: Ten alanine mutants of human PRL, a member of the PRL/GH family, are generated to investigate the involvement of the highly conserved 58-74 region in the biological behavior of the protein and it is suggested that the binding of these hormones to the lactogenic receptors occurs through a different molecular mechanism having distinct requirements at the residue level.
55
Age-related increase in activity of specific lysosomal enzymes in the human retinal pigment epithelium.
Maria E. Verdugo,Jharna Ray +1 more
TL;DR: Western blot analysis provides evidence for increased synthesis of beta-glucuronidase with aging, and a significant decrease of dermatan sulfate levels with aging correlates well with the observed increase in the level of alpha-mannosidase activity.
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CHAPTER 53 – Placental Endocrine Function
Felice Petraglia,Pasquale Florio,Michela Torricelli +2 more
- 01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The placenta produces a number of hormones that are not otherwise synthesized in the organism, suggesting that a distinct set of hormones are required to bring about the physiological changes of pregnancy rather than simply producing more of certain hormones as mentioned in this paper.
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The Search for Receptor-Interactive Regions in Growth-Hormone - Historical Perspectives and Novel Strategies
Ross Barnard,S. W. Rowlinson,Ross I. Brinkworth,S. Bastiras,Allan J. Robins,Julian R.E. Wells,Michael J. Waters +6 more
TL;DR: The recent elucidation of the threedimensional structure of the receptor-hormone complex by de Vos et al. (15) has assisted in the design of G H agonists and antagonists and enabled interpretation of the results of early chemical modification studies and confirmed predictions made on the basis of novel mutagenesis strategies applied by other workers.
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