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Algorithmic Fairness
Dana Pessach,Erez Shmueli +1 more
TL;DR: An overview of the main concepts of identifying, measuring and improving algorithmic fairness when using AI algorithms is presented and the most commonly used fairness-related datasets in this field are described.
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Abstract: An increasing number of decisions regarding the daily lives of human beings are being controlled by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in spheres ranging from healthcare, transportation, and education to college admissions, recruitment, provision of loans and many more realms. Since they now touch on many aspects of our lives, it is crucial to develop AI algorithms that are not only accurate but also objective and fair. Recent studies have shown that algorithmic decision-making may be inherently prone to unfairness, even when there is no intention for it. This paper presents an overview of the main concepts of identifying, measuring and improving algorithmic fairness when using AI algorithms. The paper begins by discussing the causes of algorithmic bias and unfairness and the common definitions and measures for fairness. Fairness-enhancing mechanisms are then reviewed and divided into pre-process, in-process and post-process mechanisms. A comprehensive comparison of the mechanisms is then conducted, towards a better understanding of which mechanisms should be used in different scenarios. The paper then describes the most commonly used fairness-related datasets in this field. Finally, the paper ends by reviewing several emerging research sub-fields of algorithmic fairness.
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Figures
Table 1. Measures and Definitions for Algorithmic Fairness 
Table 4. Additional Measures and Definitions for Algorithmic Fairness 
Fig. 1. If the SAT scores were used for hiring, then unprivileged candidates with high potential would be excluded, whereas lower potential candidates from the privileged group would be hired instead 
Table 3. Common Benchmark Datasets for Algorithmic Fairness 
Table 2. Pre-Process, In-Process and Post-Process Mechanisms for Algorithmic Fairness
Citations
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Inferring the Performance Diversity Trade-Off in University Admissions: Evidence from Cambridge
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FairerML: An Extensible Platform for Analysing, Visualising, and Mitigating Biases in Machine Learning [Application Notes]
Bo Yuan,Shenhao Gui,Qingquan Zhang,Ziqi Wang,Bifei Mao,Jialin Liu,Xin Yao +6 more
TL;DR: FairerML is developed, an extensible platform for analysing, visualising, and mitigating biases in machine learning, and three core functionalities are implemented: fairness analysis of user-uploaded datasets, fairness analysis of user-uploaded machine learning models, and the training of a set of Pareto models considering accuracy and fairness metrics simultaneously by using multiobjective learning.
Ex-Ante Assessment of Discrimination in Dataset
TL;DR: ForESEE, a FORES t of decision tr EE s algorithm, is proposed, which generates a score that captures how likely an individual’s response varies with sensitive attributes, and allows stakeholders to characterize risky samples that may contribute to discrimination, as well as, use the FORESEE to estimate the risk of upcoming samples.
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