Alcohol and HIV decrease proteasome and immunoproteasome function in macrophages: implications for impaired immune function during disease

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the idea that brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) connected by tight junctions (TJ) form a tight monolayer at the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

TL;DR: Various PIs and their underlying mechanisms in surmounting anti-tumor drug resistance when used in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents are discussed.

TL;DR: The functions of the immunoproteasome are reviewed, highlighting areas where novel pharmacological treatments that regulate immunoproduasome activity could be developed.

TL;DR: The role of IP is clarified beyond MHC class I epitope presentation with emphasis on its involvement in the regulation of protein homeostasis, cell proliferation, and cytokine gene expression.

TL;DR: Mice with a targeted deletion of the gene encoding LMP-7 have reduced levels of MHC class I cell-surface expression and present the endogenous antigen HY inefficiently; addition of peptides to splenocytes deficient in L MP-7 restores wild-type class I expression levels, suggesting that LMP -7 functions as an integral part of the peptide supply machinery.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that LMP2 influences antigen processing, and mice that harbor a disruption in their L MP2 gene have reduced levels of CD8+ T lymphocytes and generate 5- to 6-fold fewer influenza nucleoprotein-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors.

TL;DR: Polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) fully prevents ethanol-induced septal fibrosis and cirrhosis, opposes ethanol- induced hepatic phospholipid depletion, decreased phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity and activation of hepatic lipocytes, whereas its dilinoleoyl species increases collagenase activity.

TL;DR: The structural architecture of the proteasome and its proteolytic mechanisms with respect to the generation of antigenic peptides are discussed and it is suggested that exchanges of proteolysis proteasomes subunits and proteasom activators cooperate to optimize the production of antigens for cytotoxic T cells.