Affective Polarization and the Populist Radical Right: Creating the Hating?

TL;DR: This paper used text analysis to substantiate that thermometer scores reflect sentiment towards party supporters, and demonstrate that they go hand-in-hand with preferences for social distance and discrimination in economic games.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors argue that demarcations between political camps deepen affective polarization, and country-level factors influence the relevance of these affective divides, and that affect is most polarized between Left and Right camps, and between the Radical Right and other camps.

TL;DR: In this article , the consequences of the increasing presence of both left- and right-wing populist parties in government, critically reflecting on the recent scholarship on the topic, underlining promising venues for future research and outlining a conceptual framework which constitutes the background of this special issue entitled ‘Populism in Power and its Consequences’.

TL;DR: In this article , the role of emotions as a mechanism by which perceived threats against the ingroup are a source of increased affective polarization was examined, and the authors concluded that individuals distance themselves from supporters of opposing political parties when they perceive a threat to their ingroup and subsequently react with anger.

TL;DR: This article examined the extent to which partisan polarization features a willingness to apply dehumanizing metaphors to out-partisans, finding that many partisans dehumanize members of the opposing party, and found that it is most closely related to extreme affective polarization.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors study the extent and configuration of affective polarization in the highly fragmented context of the Netherlands and find that respondents do distinguish between parties and partisans, and report more dislike towards political outgroups than towards almost all non-political outgroups.

TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that partisan sorting is correlated with affective polarization, i.e. the alignment of partisan identities with ideologically consistent issue positions, and that partisan polarization has increased across all levels of political knowledge.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the extent to which these political divides have led to social divides and how losers and winners of globalisation oppose each other, and they found that people who identify with different parties (especially if they belong to the other side of the cleavage) opposed each other much more strongly than people with different nationalities.