Journal Article10.1126/SCIENCE.245.4923.1227
Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness.
TL;DR: Increases in aerosol concentrations over the oceans may increase the amount of low-level cloudiness through a reduction in drizzle—a process that regulates the liquid-water content and the energetics of shallow marine clouds—to contribute to a cooling of the earth's surface.
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Abstract: Increases in aerosol concentrations over the oceans may increase the amount of low-level cloudiness through a reduction in drizzle—a process that regulates the liquid-water content and the energetics of shallow marine clouds. The resulting increase in the global albedo would be in addition to the increase due to enhancement in reflectivity associated with a decrease in droplet size and would contribute to a cooling of the earth9s surface.
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TL;DR: The major source of cloud-condensation nuclei (CCN) over the oceans appears to be dimethylsulphide, which is produced by planktonic algae in sea water and oxidizes in the atmosphere to form a sulphate aerosol as mentioned in this paper.
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Outlook for research on subtropical marine stratiform clouds
TL;DR: The first International Satellite Cloud Cover Project Regional Experiment (FIRE) as mentioned in this paper was proposed to develop physical models and parameterizations of fractional cloud cover over the Pacific Basin in order to determine fractional Cloud cover parameters, satellite observations by radar and lidar instruments combined with in situ measurements of the cloud-capped marine boundary layer.
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Observations of marine stratocumulus clouds during FIRE
TL;DR: The first International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment (FIRE) as discussed by the authors was used to study extensive fields of stratocumulus clouds off the coast of California, where measurements on the regional and detailed local scales were taken, allowing for a wide interpretation of the mean, turbulent, microphysical, radiative, and chemical characteristics of stratocalumulus.
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