Advances in strength theories for materials under complex stress state in the 20th Century

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the intermediate principal stress on the Duncan-Chang model is investigated and revised, and a modified constitutive model is proposed, which is verified by the plane strain tests.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used classical uniaxial tensile test to determine the most important mechanical and elastic characteristics, such as: yield stress, Young modulus, tangent modulus and maximum stress and maximum strain and plot engineering stress vs. engineering strain curve for these materials.

TL;DR: In this article, a general survey on the tooth fatigue breakage of spur and helical gears, which can manifest itself in the form of tooth flank fatigue fracture or tooth interior fatigue fracture, is presented.

Abstract: Widely used constitutive laws for engineering materials assume plastic incompressibility, and no effect on yield of the hydrostatic component of stress. However, void nucleation and growth (and thus bulk dilatancy) are commonly observed in some processes which are characterized by large local plastic flow, such as ductile fracture. The purpose of this work is to develop approximate yield criteria and flow rules for porous (dilatant) ductile materials, showing the role of hydrostatic stress in plastic yield and void growth. Other elements of a constitutive theory for porous ductile materials, such as void nucleation, plastic flow and hardening behavior, and a criterion for ductile fracture will be discussed in Part II of this series. The yield criteria are approximated through an upper bound approach. Simplified physical models for ductile porous materials 6ggregates of voids and ductile matrix) are employed, with the matrix material idealized as rigid-perfectly plastic and obeying the von Mises yield criterion. Velocity fields are developed for the matrix which conform to the macroscopic flow behavior of the bulk 4 DISTRIBUTION 0£ :LHIS DOCUMENT IS UNUrv#TE n material. Using a distribution of macroscopic flow fields and working through a dissipation integral, upper bounds to the macroscdpic stress fields required for yield are calculated. Their locus in stress space forms the yield locus. It is shown that normality holds for this yield locus, so a flow rule results. Approximate functional forms for the yield loci are developed.

TL;DR: In this article, a theory is suggested which describes the yielding and plastic flow of an anisotropic metal on a macroscopic scale and associated relations are then found between the stress and strain-increment tensors.