Journal Article10.1038/NATURE07893
Adaptation and diversification on islands
TL;DR: Charles Darwin's travels on HMS Beagle taught him that islands are an important source of evidence for evolution, and island research provides valuable insights into speciation and adaptive radiation, and into the relative importance of contingency and determinism in evolutionary diversification.
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Abstract: Charles Darwin's travels on HMS Beagle taught him that islands are an important source of evidence for evolution. Because many islands are young and have relatively few species, evolutionary adaptation and species proliferation are obvious and easy to study. In addition, the geographical isolation of many islands has allowed evolution to take its own course, free of influence from other areas, resulting in unusual faunas and floras, often unlike those found anywhere else. For these reasons, island research provides valuable insights into speciation and adaptive radiation, and into the relative importance of contingency and determinism in evolutionary diversification.
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Citations
Genetic, morphological, and dietary changes associated with novel habitat colonisation in the Canary Island endemic grasshopper Acrostira bellamyi
David Hernández-Teixidor,Heriberto López,Manuel Nogales,Brent C. Emerson,Carlos Juan,Pedro Oromí +5 more
TL;DR: The large flightless grasshopper Acrostira bellamyi Uvarov, endemic to the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands), inhabits two different environments: the xeric euphorb shrubland, as is typical for congeneric Canarian species, and the humid laurel forest, a novel habitat for the genus.
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Manipulation of habitat isolation and area implicates deterministic factors and limited neutrality in community assembly.
TL;DR: Over 64 weeks, the experiment revealed the primacy of deterministic factors in community assembly, with habitat islands of the same size exhibiting remarkable consistency in community composition and diversity, irrespective of isolation.
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Using point data to assess biogeographical signal, endemicity and factors associated with macrofungal diversity in the data‐poor Pacific oceanic island bioregion
TL;DR: This article assessed diversity across habitat types, using DNA point data to draw inferences about biogeographical signal, endemicity and potential radiation for fungi of a representative isolated island (Moorea, French Polynesia) within the poorly known South Pacific bioregion, comparing resulting patterns to those previously inferred for more comprehensively sampled plants and animals.
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Potential for Speciation in Mammals Following Vast, Late Miocene Volcanic Interruptions in the Pacific Northwest
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- 01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The impact of large-scale volcanic eruptions on landscapes can affect many processes ranging from interrupting or redirecting regional soil forming processes and hydrological systems to generating temporary changes in global climate as mentioned in this paper.
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Biogeographical kinetics on an island volcano (Capelinhos, Azores): fast colonisation rates and dominance of arthropod exotic species
TL;DR: The aim of this paper was to investigate the arthropod colonisation of a recently erupted volcano in the framework of a general model of colonisation kinetics.
References
The Theory of Island Biogeography
TL;DR: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols used xiii 1.
14.1K
•Book
The Theory of Island Biogeography
Robert H. MacArthur,Edward O. Wilson +1 more
- 01 Jan 1967
TL;DR: The Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201
12.9K
The Theory of Island Biogeography
Abstract: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201
9.8K
•Book
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or, The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
Charles Darwin
- 03 Sep 2009
TL;DR: The "Penguin Classics" edition of "On the Origin of Species" as discussed by the authors contains an introduction and notes by William Bynum, and features a cover designed by Damien Hirst.
7.8K